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44759
PLATELETS AND COAGULATION
Description
Bio Med and Pathology Mind Map on PLATELETS AND COAGULATION, created by aahughes on 12/04/2013.
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bio med and pathology
bio med and pathology
Mind Map by
aahughes
, updated more than 1 year ago
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aahughes
over 11 years ago
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PLATELETS AND COAGULATION
THROMBOCYTES
Shed from bone marrow bound cells called MEGAKARYOCYTES
250,000,000 ARE PRESENT IN EACH ML OF BLOOD
Remain functional for 10 days and are then removed by macrophages
removed in the spleen or liver
STORAGE - In blood filled spaces in the spleen
can be released into the bloodstream by SPLENIC CONTRACTION
Contain high amounts of ACTIN and MYOSIN
Important in homeostasis
VASOCONSTRICTION
A cut vessel immediately constricts reducing blood flow
Release of THROMBOXANES
PLATELETS become 'sticky' and stick to vessel wall
They release SERETONIN which constricts the vessel wall
PLUG FORMATION
Platelets attach to the exposed collagen and each other
ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE causes site to become sticky
Platelets build up by a 'positive feedback' system
This is a TEMPORARY seal
COAGULATION (CLOTTING)
Transformation of blood from a liquid to a solid gel
Coagulation is the bodies haemostatic mechanism
The ultimate in clot formation is the conversion of
FIBRINOGEN(PLASMA PROTEIN) TO FIBIRN
Catalysed by the enzyme THROMBIN
Forms a 'mesh' like structure over wound site
CLOTTING CASCASDE
INTRINSIC PATHWAY - SLOW 10MINS
Set off with when factor XII(/Hageman) comes into contact with collagen
Ca2 and platelet factor 3 are required as co-factors in the cascade
EXTRINSIC PATHWAY - FAST 10SECS
Requires tissue THROMBOPLASTIN
which activates FACTOR X, by passing all steps in intrinsic
Ca2+ and Factor 3 are required
Clot formation takes 3-6 mins
Its a temporary solution
The next step is FIBRINOLYSIS
FIBRINOLYSIS -BREAKDOWN OF THE CLOT
An INACTIVE form of PLASMINOGEN is present in the clot
Its activated to become PLASMIN (activated by FACTOR X)
Dissolves the clot and fibrin
Phagocytic WBC's remove debris
VIT K required by liver
to synthesise clotting factors
THROMBOCYTOPENIA
Low levels of platelets
HAEMOPHILIA - Absence of FACTOR VII - GENTIC
INR
PROTHROMBIN TIME
Number of secs blood takes to clot
OA - Warfarin
Ideal INR - 2/3
Warfarin synthesises clot factors
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