5231400
Description
Mind Map by ELeanor Turner, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by ELeanor Turner
over 8 years ago
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B1.2 Nerves and hormones
- The nervous system
- Enables humans to react to their
surroundings and coordinate their
behaviour
- Receptors
- Detect stimuli
- Changes in environment
- Changes in environment
- In the
eyes
- Sensitive to light
- Have a nucleus, cytoplasm
and a cell membrane like
most animal cells
- Have a nucleus, cytoplasm
and a cell membrane like
most animal cells
- Sensitive to light
- In the
ears
- Sensitive to sound and
changes in position (enables
us to keep our balance)
- Sensitive to sound and
changes in position (enables
us to keep our balance)
- In the nose and
on the tongue
- Sensitive to chemicals which
allow us to taste and smell
- Sensitive to chemicals which
allow us to taste and smell
- In the skin
- Touch
- Pain
- Pressure
- Temperature changes
- Touch
- Detect stimuli
- Simple reflex action
- Impulses from receptor pass
along sensory neurone
- Reach a synapse between
a sensory neurone and a
relay neurone
- Chemical is released that diffuses
through synapse and causes an
impulse to be sent along a relay
neurone
- Reaches a synapse between a
relay and motor neurone, same
process occurs again
- Impulse sent along motor
neurone to the effector
- Response is brought about by
the effector
- Effector is either a muscle or gland
- Muscle
responds
by
contracting
- Gland responses
by releasing a
chemical
substance
- Muscle
responds
by
contracting
- Effector is either a muscle or gland
- Response is brought about by
the effector
- Impulse sent along motor
neurone to the effector
- Reaches a synapse between a
relay and motor neurone, same
process occurs again
- Synapse is a junction
- Chemical is released that diffuses
through synapse and causes an
impulse to be sent along a relay
neurone
- Reach a synapse between
a sensory neurone and a
relay neurone
- Coordinated by brain
- Automatic and rapid
- Automatic and rapid
- Impulses from receptor pass
along sensory neurone
- Enables humans to react to their
surroundings and coordinate their
behaviour
- Control in the human body
- Internal conditions which are controlled
- Water content
- Leaves through sweat,
when we breathe out
and through urine
- Leaves through sweat,
when we breathe out
and through urine
- Ion content
- Lost via sweat
and urine
- Lost via sweat
and urine
- Temperature
- Enzymes work best at
certain temperatures
- Enzymes work best at
certain temperatures
- Blood sugar levels
- Provide cells with
constant energy
supply
- Provide cells with
constant energy
supply
- Water content
- Many processes
coordinated by hormones
- Secreted by glands
- Transported through the bloodstream
- Regulate the functions of many organs and cells
- E.g. the menstrual cycle
- FSH
- Secreted by
pituitary gland
- Causes eggs to
mature in the
ovaries
- Stimulates the
production of
oestrogen
- Stimulates the
production of
oestrogen
- Causes eggs to
mature in the
ovaries
- Secreted by
pituitary gland
- LH
- Secreted
by
pituitary
galnd
- Stimulates
egg
release
from
the
ovaries
- Stimulates
egg
release
from
the
ovaries
- Secreted
by
pituitary
galnd
- Oestrogen
- Secreted by the ovaries
- Inhibits
production of
FSH
- Inhibits
production of
FSH
- Secreted by the ovaries
- FSH
- Hormones can be used in controlling fertility
- Oral contreceptives
- Contain oestrogen and progesterone
- They inhibit FSH production
and therefore egg maturation
- They now contain less
oestrogen and more
progesterone
- Women suffered
significant side
effects from
oestrogen pills
- Progesterone only pills lead to fewer side effects
- Women suffered
significant side
effects from
oestrogen pills
- They now contain less
oestrogen and more
progesterone
- They inhibit FSH production
and therefore egg maturation
- Contain oestrogen and progesterone
- Fertility drugs
- FSH and LH can be given as fertility drugs
- Used in IVF
- IVF
- Given FSH and LH
to stimulate
maturation of
several eggs
- Eggs are collected and
fertilised by father's sperm
- Develop into embryos
- When they are tiny balls
of cells, one or two are
inserted into the
mother's womb
- When they are tiny balls
of cells, one or two are
inserted into the
mother's womb
- Develop into embryos
- Eggs are collected and
fertilised by father's sperm
- Given FSH and LH
to stimulate
maturation of
several eggs
- IVF
- Used in IVF
- FSH and LH can be given as fertility drugs
- Oral contreceptives
- E.g. the menstrual cycle
- Regulate the functions of many organs and cells
- Transported through the bloodstream
- Secreted by glands
- Internal conditions which are controlled
- Control in plants
- Plants are
sensitive
to
- Light
- Moisture
- Gravity
- Light
- Shoots
- Grow towards light
- Against the force of gravity
- Grow towards light
- Roots
- Grow towards moisture
- In the direction of the force of gravity
- Grow towards moisture
- Produce
hormones
to
coordinate
and
control
growth
- Auxin controls
phototropism
and gravitropism
- Responses of plant roots
and shoots to light,
gravity and moisture
- Due to unequal
distribution of
hormones, causing
unequal growth rates
- Extra auxin
- Growth is stopped in the roots
- Growth is stimulated in the shoots
- Growth is stopped in the roots
- Extra auxin
- Roots
- When growing sideways,
auxin will accumulate on
the lower side
- Auxin causes
- The cells to
stop growing,
meaning the
cells at the
tips grow
faster and as a
result bend
downwards
- The cells to
stop growing,
meaning the
cells at the
tips grow
faster and as a
result bend
downwards
- When exposed to
moisture, more auxin
accumulates on the side
with more moisture
- When growing sideways,
auxin will accumulate on
the lower side
- Shoots
- When a shoot is exposed to light
- More auxin accumulates on the
side that is in the shade
- More auxin accumulates on the
side that is in the shade
- Auxin causes
- The cells to
grow faster
(elongate
more) on
the shaded
side,
causing it to
bend
towards the
lgiht
- The cells to
grow faster
(elongate
more) on
the shaded
side,
causing it to
bend
towards the
lgiht
- When a shoot is growing sideways
- Gravity causes more
auxin to accumulate on
the lower side, causing
it to grow faster and
bend upwards
- Gravity causes more
auxin to accumulate on
the lower side, causing
it to grow faster and
bend upwards
- When a shoot is exposed to light
- Due to unequal
distribution of
hormones, causing
unequal growth rates
- Auxin controls
phototropism
and gravitropism
- Plant hormones
are used as
weed killers and
rooting
hormones
- Plants are
sensitive
to
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