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5282100
ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE
Description
microbiology
No tags specified
adaptive
immune
response
Mind Map by
Harisson Kueh
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Harisson Kueh
over 8 years ago
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Resource summary
ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE
specific
immune components are fully activated only after infection start
immunological memory is stored
response magnitude is higher in the second and subsequent encounters compared to the first
organ of lymphatic system
development of T and B cells
diverges of lymphocyte development
T cells
B cells
antigen-independent mutation
T cells in thymus
B cells in bone marrow
have surface markers / receptors
bind to receptors on other cells
bind to antigens
transmit and receive messages
common receptor molecules
antigen-specific receptors
cluster of dIfferentiation (CD)
CD8 binds to MCH class1
CD4 binds to MHC class 2
over 300 CD molecules have been identified
major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
class 1, expressed on all nucleated cells
class 2, on antigen-presenting cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells and B cells
class 3, on proteins associated with the complement system
mature T and B cells antigen-specific receptors
recognise one type of unique antigens
each group of T or B cells carrying one specific type of receptors are called clones
our immune system has the diverse receptor "key shapes" allowing them to recognize different "lock shapes" of antigen
presentation of antigens
Antigens (Ag) are substances that can provoke immune response
one antigen may have multiple epitopes
antigenicity factors
size
complexity
Foeignness
professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs)
macrophages
Dendritic cells
B cells
T cells receptors
support by co-receptors : CD4 or CD8
B cells : immunoglobulins (Ig) or antibodies
IgG
IgA
IgM
IgE
IgD
T cell response
antigens presented on APCs will activate T and B cells
activation stimulation
subtypes of T helper cells (Th)
memory T cells
regulatory T cells (Treg)
cytotoxic T cells (Tc)
T helper cells stimulate or activate other cells, including macrophages, B cells, Tc cells
Cytotoxic T cells attack
cancerous host cells
infected host cells
foreign cells from other humans or animals
memory T cells store immunological memory
regulatory T cells regulate other cells to prevent excessive inflammation and autoimmunity
T cells attack involves secretions of granzymes and perforins
leads to : perforation, apoptosis in target cells
B cells response
can be activated without helper T cells (referred as T-independent activation)
B cells require activation by T helper cells
following activation, B cells differentiate
memory B cells
regulatory B cells
plasma cells
memory B cells store immunological memory
regulatory B cells regulate other cells to prevent excessive inflammation and autoimmunity
Plasma cells launch billions of antibodies to attack the invaders
antibodies disable the targets through
neutralisation
block the receptor on a surface or the targets, neutralising them
opsonisation
coat the targets, helping phagocytes to recognize them
antitoxin action
bind to toxins produced by the targets, rendering them harmless
agglutination
link the targets with one another into large clumps, immobilizing them and enhancing their phagocytosis
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