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Innate Immunity

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Innate Immunity
Mohd Amirul Faiz Zulkifli
Mind Map by Mohd Amirul Faiz Zulkifli, updated more than 1 year ago
Mohd Amirul Faiz Zulkifli
Created by Mohd Amirul Faiz Zulkifli over 8 years ago
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Innate Immunity
  1. First Line of Defense
    1. Physical barrier
      1. Skin
        1. Skin form waterproof mechanical barrier
          1. Prevent entry of microbes
        2. Mucus lining
          1. Trap dirt and microbes
        3. Chemical barrier
          1. Saliva
            1. Contain enzyme that breaks down the cell wall of bacteria
            2. Stomach acid
              1. Has low pH acid that kills bacteria and parasites
              2. Tears
                1. Contain enzyme that breaks down the cell wall of bacteria
            3. Second Line of Defense
              1. Group of cells, tissues and organs that work together
                1. To protect the body
                2. It create hostile environment for the invaders
                  1. It has four components
                    1. Fever
                      1. The body temperature increase to 37 C and above
                        1. It initiated by pyrogens
                          1. It change the settings of hypothalamus
                        2. Reduced iron availability
                          1. Iron-required pathogens cannot get the iron needed
                          2. Inhibition of microbial multiplication
                            1. Creating sub optimal temperature
                            2. Increase metabolic rate
                              1. Stimulates immune reactions
                            3. Inflammation
                              1. Symptoms
                                1. Redness
                                  1. Heat
                                    1. Pain
                                      1. Oedema
                                      2. Stages
                                        1. Tissue injury
                                          1. Dilation and increased leakiness
                                            1. Phagocytes consume bacteria
                                              1. Release of cytokines
                                                1. Causing vasodilation
                                      3. Phagocytosis
                                        1. Contain phagocytes
                                          1. They possess lysosome containing substances
                                          2. Stages
                                            1. Attachment
                                              1. Ingestion
                                                1. Killing
                                                  1. Degradation
                                          3. Antimicrobial proteins
                                            1. Four main types
                                              1. The complement system
                                                1. Work in cascade reactions
                                                  1. Three pathways
                                                    1. Classical
                                                      1. Lectin
                                                        1. Alternative
                                                      2. Interferons
                                                        1. Involve cytokines to against virus
                                                        2. Iron-binding protein
                                                          1. Limit the growth of pathogens
                                                            1. Examples
                                                              1. Hemoglobin
                                                                1. Lactoferrin
                                                                  1. Transferrin
                                                                2. Antimicrobial peptides
                                                                  1. Kill bacteria by inserting them into the membrane
                                                          2. It is non-specific
                                                            1. Immune components are preformed
                                                              1. Response magnitude is similar during the first and subsequent encounters
                                                                1. No memory is stored
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