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58418
Bipolar Disorder
Description
Biological (Depression & Schizophrenia) Mind Map on Bipolar Disorder, created by n.c.wetmore on 26/04/2013.
No tags specified
biological
depression & schizophrenia
biological
depression & schizophrenia
Mind Map by
n.c.wetmore
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
n.c.wetmore
over 11 years ago
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Resource summary
Bipolar Disorder
Genetics
genetic predisposition supported by usual types of evidence
twin studies and adoption studies
researchers have located two genes appearing to increase prob of bipolar II disorder
NWULIA ET AL 2007
also demonstrated some of same genes that predispose major depression also presuppose to bipolar
genes increase risk not strong relationship
Treatments
lithium
Cade thought uric aside would relieve mania and used lithium salt to dissolve - accidentally found it!
stabilises mood, preventing relapse into either mania or depression
high dose is toxic
valproate and carbazepine
not fully effective
physicians sometimes supplement them with antidep drugs or antipsychotic drugs
antidep drugs are risky, sometimes provoke switch from depression to mania
antipsychotic drugs can be helpful but also produce unpleasant side effects
all have many effects on the brain
assume they relieve bipolar because of effect they have in common
one effect is decrease number of AMPA type glutamate receptors in hippo
DU ET AL 2008
excessive flatmate activity is responsibly for some aspects of mania
block synthesis of brain chemical called arachidonic acid
produced during brain inflammation
effects are counteracted by omega-3
epidemiological studies say people who eat 1 pound of seafood per week have decreased risk of bipolar disorder
bipolar patients show increased expression of genes associated with inflammation
getting people to maintain a consistent sleeping schedule in dark, quiet rooms reduces intensity of mood swings
WEHR ET AL 1998
Unipolar Disorder
vary between normality and depression
Bipolar Disorder
alternate between depression and mania
Mania is restless activity, excitement etc
become dangerous to themselves and others
brains increase in glucose and decrease for depression
those with massive episodes of mania have bipolar I disorder
bipolar II disorder have milder manic phases called hypomania (anxiety)
attention deficits, poor impulse control and impairments of verbal memory
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