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Cells, tissues and organs
- key points
- Animal and plant cells
- Most human cells are like most other
animal cells and contain a nucleus,
cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria
and ribosomes.
- Plant and algal cells contain all the structures seen
in animal cells as well as a cell wall. Many plant
cells also contain chloroplasts and a permanent
vacuole filled with sap.
- Most human cells are like most other
animal cells and contain a nucleus,
cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria
and ribosomes.
- Diffusion
- The greater the difference in concentration,
the faster the rate of diffusion.
- Diffusion is the net movement of particles from
an area where they are at a high concentration to
an area where they are at a lower concentration.
- Dissolved substances and gases such as
oxygen move in and out of cells by diffusion.
- The greater the difference in concentration,
the faster the rate of diffusion.
- Tissues and organs
- A tissue is a group of cells with
similar structure and function.
- Organs are made of tissues. One organ may
contain several types of tissues.
- A tissue is a group of cells with
similar structure and function.
- Specialised cells
- Cells may be specialised to carry out a particular function.
- Examples of specialised cells
are fat cells, cone cells, toot
hair cells and sperm cells.
- Cells may be specialised to carry out a particular function.
- Organ systems
- Organ systems are groups of organs
that performs a particular function.
- Plants organs include stems, roots and leaves.
- The digestive system in a mammal is an
example of a system where substances are
exchanged with the environment.
- Organ systems are groups of organs
that performs a particular function.
- Bacteria and yeast
- A bacterial cell contains of cytoplasm and a
membrane surrounded by a cell wall. The genes are
not in a distinct nucleus.
- Yeast is a single-celled organism. Each
cell has a nucleus, cytoplasm and a
membrane surrounded by a cell wall.
- A bacterial cell contains of cytoplasm and a
membrane surrounded by a cell wall. The genes are
not in a distinct nucleus.
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