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8258150
Swelling in the leg
Description
Mind Map on Swelling in the leg, created by Salma Mk on 24/03/2017.
Mind Map by
Salma Mk
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Salma Mk
over 7 years ago
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Resource summary
Swelling in the leg
Anatomy
bones
muscles
femoral artery
femoral vein
adductor canal
popliteal fossa
Possible causes of leg pain & swelling
diabetic muscle infarction
boil
thigh strain/ injury
superficial thrombophlebitis
tumors (bone tumors)
most common bone tumors in children
2) Ewing's sarcoma
children 10-15
male>female
site=diaphysis of long bones
radiologically
microscopically
1) Osteosarcoma
male> female
site:metaphysics of long bones
histopathology
1) pleomorphism & mitotic figures
2) pink glassy homogenous osteoid formation
3) fibroblastic and chondroblastic formation
biopsy
types
needle
open
radiologically
neo-osteogenesis
in subperiosteal layer
codman's triangle
from the central mass
sun burst appearance
types
primary
children 12-14
genetic mutation in p53 or retinoblastoma
secondary
adults >40
post irradiation
clinical picture
pain, pathological fracture
progressively growing mass
stages of osteosarcoma
investigations
WBC count
to rule out inflammation and infection
hemoglobin test
test for anaemia caused by cancer
ESR
to check for inflammation associated with cancer
Management of osteosarcoma
chemotherapy
methotrexate
folic acid analog
inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
thus inhibits DNA synthesis for replication of cells
doxorubicin
anticancer antibiotic
several mechanisms of action
causes DNA strand scission
generate free radicals
membrane disruption
cisplatin
acts like an alkylating agent
cross links bases
DNA strand breakage
surgery
amputation
limb savage surgery
autografts
allografts
rotatioplasty
prosthetic implants
Complications
movement problems
loss of a limb
metastastis
hematogenous spread
liver
lung
brain
bone
chemotherapy side effects
allopecia
sterility
GI complications
Prognosis
depends on
age and general health
location and size of tumor
response to treatment
benign
melignant
Media attachments
A (binary/octet-stream)
B (binary/octet-stream)
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