Ahmed Cannot Run

Ahmed Cannot Run

Anatomy of the foot and ankle joint
Muscle Weakness
1. causes
  1. infection
    1. poliovirus
  2. neurological
    1. Demyelinating disorders: Guillain-Barré syndrome
  3. medications
    1. Statins
    2. corticosteroids
  4. Electrolyte imbalances
  5. Genetics
    1. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
      1. DMD is a severe progressive X-linked inherited disease characterized by progressive degeneration of the skeletal muscle especially those of the shoulder and pelvic griddle.
      2. Its characteristic clinical features are: –Progressive weakness –Intellectual impairment –Hypertrophy of the calves –Proliferation of connective tissue in muscle
      3. progression
      4. Complications
        cardiac
        orthopedic
        infectious
      5. investigations
        serum creatine kinase
        electromyography
        thyroid function test
        Western Blot
        Muscle Biopsy
      6. Management
        Physical and occupational therapy
        PHARAMACOLOGICAL
        Steroids
        Creatine monohydrate supplementation
    2. muscular dystrophies
  6. Metabolic
2. history taking
  1. age
  2. gender
  3. family history
  4. history of medication
3. Muscle strength Scale
4. Physical Examination
  1. Palpation: Skin Temperature Joints Tendons Ligaments
  2. Introduction & Consent HEPA
  3. Inspection SSSP
  4. move: dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion, and flexion of great toe
    1. Inversion and Eversion stress test Thompson’s test for tendoachillies rupture Tests for Morton’s metatarsalgia
5. neurological examination
  1. General inspection
  2. sensation
  3. Power
  4. Reflexes
  5. Tone
  6. Coordination
  7. pain and temperature
  8. Gait
    1. Gait Cycle
    2. abnormal gaits
      1. Trendelenburg gait
        antalgic gait
        Ataxic gait
      2. Steppage gait
      3. Hip hiking

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	Created by rania khalil over 7 years ago