Question 1
Question
Which of the following are sources of glucose (that end up in the blood, then onwards)?
Answer
-
Liver
-
Diet
-
Adipose tissue
-
Lungs
Question 2
Question
Fatty Acids can only be used in [blank_start]__________[blank_end] metabolism.
Answer
-
Aerobic
-
Anaerobic
-
Intrinsic
-
Extrinsic
Question 3
Question
Lactic acid from [blank_start]__________[blank_end] metabolism can be converted to [blank_start]__________[blank_end] by the [blank_start]__________[blank_end].
Answer
-
Anaerobic
-
Aerobic
-
Liver
-
Adipose Tissue
-
Lungs
-
Muscle Fibre
-
Blood
-
Glucose
-
Glycogen
-
Glucagon
-
Fatty Acids
-
Liver
-
Muscle Fibres
-
Blood
-
Anaerobes
-
Gut
-
Lungs
Question 4
Question
Skeletal Muscle released endocrine signals in the form of:
Question 5
Question
Endocrine signals released from Skeletal Muscle can go to which of the following:
Answer
-
Bone
-
Brain
-
Liver
-
Pancreas
-
Adipose Tissue
-
Cardiovascular
-
Gut
-
Itself
Question 6
Question
During exercise, the blood supply to the following areas is increased/decreased/unchanged:
CNS: [blank_start]__________[blank_end]
GI tract: [blank_start]__________[blank_end]
Kidney: [blank_start]__________[blank_end]
Muscles: [blank_start]__________[blank_end]
Answer
-
Increased
-
Decreased
-
Unchanged
-
Increased
-
Decreased
-
Unchanged
-
Increased
-
Decreased
-
Unchanged
-
Increased
-
Decreased
-
Unchanged
Question 7
Question
An overabundance of which of the following leads to obesity?
Answer
-
Fast-twitch fibres
-
Slow-twitch fibres
-
Both of the above
-
None of the above
Question 8
Question
Myokines are CYTOKINES and PROTEINS produced by muscle. Most are regulated by what?
Answer
-
Contractile activity
-
Diet
-
Growth factors
-
Endocrine signalling
-
Paracrine signalling
Question 9
Question
True or false: Myokines are the molecular link between nerve function and whole-body physiology?
Question 10
Question
Exercise-induced myokines include which of the following?
Question 11
Question
True or false: Irisin elevates energy expenditure and oxidative metabolism in muscle.
Question 12
Question
True or false: Irisin lowers energy expenditure and oxidative metabolism in muscle.
Question 13
Question
Irisin [blank_start]__________[blank_end] brown fat thermogenesis (browning & thermogenic function in [blank_start]__________[blank_end] fat)
Answer
-
Promotes
-
Inhibits
-
Prevents
-
White
-
Brown
-
Beige
Question 14
Question
Myokines have __________ functions.
Answer
-
Autocrine
-
Paracrine
-
Endocrine
Question 15
Question
Muscle displays plasticity in metabolic responses to:
Answer
-
Caloric availability
-
Physical activity
Question 16
Question
UCP1 is a core factor for [blank_start]__________[blank_end] in [blank_start]__________[blank_end] Adipose Tissue.
Answer
-
Thermogenesis
-
Proliferation
-
Apoptosis
-
Torpor
-
Brown
-
White
-
Beige
Question 17
Question
InterLeukin 6 (IL6) is a myokine that happens to also be produced by:
Question 18
Question
IL6 can be either PROinflammatory or ANTIinflammatory.
[blank_start]__________[blank_end] is associated with insulin resistance and behaves in a proinflammatory way.
[blank_start]__________[blank_end] leads to elevated anti-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL1ra and IL10).
Answer
-
Elevated Systemic IL6
-
Exercise-induced IL6
Question 19
Question
IL6 is produced __________ exercise.
Question 20
Question
At exercise time (before? during? after?), IL6 is produced by:
Answer
-
Skeletal Muscle
-
Connective Tissue
-
The Brain
-
Adipose Tissue
-
Cardiac Muscle
-
Smooth Muscle
Question 21
Question
In addition to exercise, myokines can also be induced by:
Answer
-
Nutrients
-
Organelle Dysfunction
-
Stress Responses
-
Trying really hard
Question 22
Question
True or false: The nutrient Palmitate modifies expression of many myokines (including Irisin, FGF21, IL6, CXCL1, CXCL5, Myonectin).
Question 23
Question
Autocrine myokines regulate [blank_start]__________[blank_end] and [blank_start]__________[blank_end].
(put the two in alphabetical order)
Answer
-
Myogenesis
-
Regeneration
-
Myocarditis
-
Apoptosis
-
Degeneration
-
Blood Pressure
Question 24
Question
Which of the following can be all of (Hepatokine, Adipokine, Myokine)?
Answer
-
FGF21
-
Irisin
-
Myonectin
-
IL6
Question 25
Question
Which of the following myokines can be a biomarker in: (Increased serum levels: Coronary Heart Disease, Cushing’s Syndrome, Carcinoid Atherosclerosis, Obesity/T2D, Mitochondrial Disease, Preeclampsia; Decreased serum levels: Anorexia Nervosa)?
Answer
-
FGF21
-
Irisin
-
Myonectin
-
IL6
Question 26
Question
How many hours of VIGOROUS INTENSITY exercise is recommended for WEIGHT LOSS?
Answer
-
2½ – 5 hours/week
-
1¼ – 2½ hours/week
-
> 4 hours/week
-
N/A
Question 27
Question
How many hours of VIGOROUS INTENSITY exercise is recommended for GENERAL HEALTH (<65yo)?
Answer
-
2½ – 5 hours/week
-
1¼ – 2½ hours/week
-
> 4 hours/week
-
N/A
Question 28
Question
How many hours of MODERATE INTENSITY exercise is recommended for WEIGHT LOSS?
Answer
-
2½ – 5 hours/week
-
1¼ – 2½ hours/week
-
> 4 hours/week
-
N/A
Question 29
Question
How many hours of MODERATE INTENSITY exercise is recommended for GENERAL HEALTH (<65yo)?
Answer
-
2½ – 5 hours/week
-
1¼ – 2½ hours/week
-
> 4 hours/week
-
N/A