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Fundamentals Self Assessment - AAO

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Ophthalmology Quiz on Fundamentals Self Assessment - AAO, created by David Tirol on 07/01/2018.
David Tirol
Quiz by David Tirol , updated more than 1 year ago
David Tirol
Created by David Tirol almost 7 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
If all the nerves passing through the annulus of Zinn were transected, what nerve would continue to function?
Answer
  • superior division of cranial nerve III
  • cranial nerve IV
  • nasociliary branch of cranial nerve V (V1)
  • optic nerve

Question 2

Question
Which extraocular muscle originates from the annulus of Zinn?
Answer
  • Levator palpebrae superioris
  • Superior oblique
  • Lateral rectus
  • Inferior oblique

Question 3

Question
What is the ratio of optic nerve axons that cross at the optic chiasm to those that do not cross at the optic chiasm?
Answer
  • 67:33
  • 50:50
  • 30:70
  • 53:47

Question 4

Question
A patient presents with left-sided ophthalmoplegia and forehead numbness. The lesion is most likely to be located at the:
Answer
  • Brainstem
  • Cavernous sinus
  • Superior Orbit
  • Intraconal space

Question 5

Question
The first cells to develop in the embryonic retina are the:
Answer
  • Ganglion cells
  • Photoreceptors
  • Amacrine Cells
  • Bipolar cells

Question 6

Question
Which disorder is associated with a non-mitochondrial gene?
Answer
  • Leber hereditary optic neuropathy
  • Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia
  • Neuropathy, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa
  • Retinoblastoma

Question 7

Question
What characteristic of retinoblastoma may facilitate its diagnosis as a familial condition?
Answer
  • It may be associated with chromosome 11 short-arm deletion syndrome and Wilms tumor.
  • It affects approximately 1 per 100,000 live births in the United States.
  • Approximately 90% of patients with hereditary retinoblastoma have a family history of the disease.
  • The hereditary pattern in familial retinoblastoma is autosomal dominant, but the defect is mitochondrial at a cellular level.

Question 8

Question
Mutations in the rhodopsin gene are associated with what inherited ocular disease?
Answer
  • Juvenile Glaucoma
  • Leber Heriditary Optic Neuropathy
  • Retinitis Pigmentosa
  • Stargardt Disease

Question 9

Question
Mitochondrial inheritance is transmitted by what route?
Answer
  • Paternal mitochondria
  • Maternal mitochondria
  • Acquired mitochondria
  • De novo mitochondria

Question 10

Question
Mutations of PAX6 are associated with what disorder?
Answer
  • Aniridia
  • Retinal Coloboma
  • Retinal Hypoplasia
  • Corneal granular dystrophy

Question 11

Question
An unaffected woman has a brother, maternal uncle, and son affected with retinitis pigmentosa. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?
Answer
  • Autosomal dominant
  • X-linked recessive
  • Autosomal recessive
  • sporadric

Question 12

Question
What is the basis for complex genetic diseases?
Answer
  • A single recessive gene
  • X-linked genes
  • A single spontaneous genetic mutation
  • The resultant effect of many genes, in combination with health habits and environmental factors

Question 13

Question
What structure, if inflamed, would be considered a sign of uveitis?
Answer
  • Optic nerve
  • Descemet membrane
  • Choroid
  • Retinal pigment epithelium

Question 14

Question
What pair accurately matches a cell-type origin with the correct tear-layer product?
Answer
  • Goblet cells - Lipid Layer
  • Meibomian Glands - Mucin Layer
  • Glands of Krause - Aqueous layer
  • Glands of Wolfring - Mucin layer

Question 15

Question
What option most accurately describes the immunoglobulin(s) that can be found in the tear film?
Answer
  • IgA only
  • IgA and IgG only
  • IgG and IgM only
  • IgA, IgG, IgM, and IgD

Question 16

Question
What intraocular structure is a true basement membrane (basal lamina)?
Answer
  • Bowman layer
  • Zonule of Zinn
  • Descemet Membrane
  • Anterior border layer of the Iris

Question 17

Question
What is the principal structural protein in the Descemet membrane
Answer
  • Type I collagen
  • Type II collagen
  • Type III collagen
  • Type IV collagen

Question 18

Question
What mechanism holds the flap created during laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in place after surgery?
Answer
  • endothelial - Descemet membrane interaction
  • endothelial pump
  • Bowman layer - stromal adhesions
  • stromal collagen adhesions

Question 19

Question
What property of the retina renders it susceptible to oxidative stress?
Answer
  • high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the photoreceptor outer segments
  • high concentration of carotenoids compared with other intraocular structure
  • presence of Vitamin E
  • absence of retinal vessels in the foveal avascular zone

Question 20

Question
What pigment within the retinal pigment epithelium is responsible for the signal generated in fundus autofluorescence imaging?
Answer
  • melanin
  • lipofuscin
  • rhodopsin
  • lutein

Question 21

Question
The retinal pigment epithelium is the first site of melanogenesis in the body. Ocular melanin has been shown to participate in what process?
Answer
  • Pathogenesis of retinitis pigmentosa
  • Vitamin A metabolism
  • Retinal adhesion
  • Retinal development and neuronal migration

Question 22

Question
Age-related loss of type IX collagen has been implicated in what process related to the vitreous?
Answer
  • vitreous hemorrhage
  • angiogenesis
  • increase diffusion of oxygen from the anterior segment to the posterior segment
  • vitreous liquefaction

Question 23

Question
What vitamin is most critical for the photoreceptor response to light
Answer
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • E

Question 24

Question
In prescribing for elderly patients, what pharmacologic adjustments should be considered?
Answer
  • Hepatic perfusion and enzymatic activity increase with age.
  • Renal function decreases with age.
  • Elderly patients have more albumin relative to weight.
  • Elderly patients have more body water relative to weight

Question 25

Question
What technique or strategy improves the ocular absorption of eyedrops?
Answer
  • Rapid instillation of eyedrops one after the other without interruption
  • Application of digital pressure at the lateral canthus to prevent the eyedrop from escaping
  • Keeping the eye open and rolling the eye around after instillation of each drop
  • Increasing the viscosity of the delivery vehicle

Question 26

Question
Atropine, 1%, has how many milligrams of drug per drop, assuming 20 drops per milliliter?
Answer
  • 1 mg
  • 0.5 mg
  • 0.1 mg
  • 0.05 mg

Question 27

Question
How much epinephrine is present in 1 mL of the 1:10,000 epinephrine solution?
Answer
  • 1 mg of epinephrine
  • same amount of epinephrine as in 1 mL of 0.01% epinephrine
  • same amount of epinephrine as in 1 mL of 1:1000 epinephrine
  • Same amount of epinephrine as in 1 mL of 0.1% epinephrine

Question 28

Question
Direct-acting muscarinic agents (miotics) have what clinical effect?
Answer
  • hyperopic shift in refraction
  • increased range of accomodation
  • central anterior chamber deepening
  • increased night vision

Question 29

Question
What management strategy has been shown to reduce postsurgical endophthalmitis?
Answer
  • preoperative preparation of the eye with topical povidone-iodine
  • intracameral vancomycin
  • intracameral aminoglycosides
  • subconjunctival fluoroquinolones

Question 30

Question
What property of latanoprost may limit its usefulness?
Answer
  • It is a prodrug of prostaglandin E20 .
  • It reduces intraocular pressure by increasing trabecular meshwork outflow
  • It can cause darkening ofthe iris and periocular skin and hypertrichosis ofthe eyelashes
  • It increases the number of melanocytes

Question 31

Question
What systemic side effect may result from treatment with oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
Answer
  • Insomnia
  • Weight gain
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Aplastic anemia

Question 32

Question
What is a clinically important property of brimonidine?
Answer
  • Brimonidine is a selective a 1-adrenergic agonist.
  • Brimonidine is more lipophilic than apraclonidine.
  • Brimonidine has been associated with tachycardia and hyperventilation when used in infants.
  • Rates of tachyphylaxis and allergic reaction are higher in brimonidine than in apraclonidine
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