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Clinical Pathoanatomy mcqs (351-450)

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Quiz on Untitled, created by Yemi O on 16/01/2018.
Yemi O
Quiz by Yemi O, updated more than 1 year ago
Yemi O
Created by Yemi O almost 7 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
indicate the correct statements
Answer
  • gangrene of the appendix and gangrenous appendicitis are synonyms of one same disease
  • severe inflammation in gangrenous appendicitis leads to necrosis, while in gangrene of the appendix the necrosis is ischemic
  • gangrene of the appendix means necrosis of the appendix while gangrenous appendicitis means severe purulent inflammation of the appendix without necrosis
  • inflammation in gangrenous appendicitis is a primary process, while in gangrene the inflammation is secondary after necrosis

Question 2

Question
the gross appearance "Ribbon-like fibrin deposits on the pericardium" describes:
Answer
  • Chronic pericarditis
  • fibrinous myocarditis
  • fibrinous pericarditis
  • acute pericarditis

Question 3

Question
which are the cells that inflitrate the whole thickness of the appendix in phlegmonous appendicitis?
Answer
  • lymphocytes and plasma cells
  • basophiles
  • neutrophils
  • giant multinucleated cells

Question 4

Question
what is typical for purulent lepto-meningitis
Answer
  • hyperemic vessels, infiltration of the soft brain membranes by lymphocytes
  • hyperemic vessels, infiltration of the soft brain membranes by neutrophils
  • yellow-green exudate seen usually on the convex side of the brain
  • clear cerebro-spinal fluid

Question 5

Question
hydatid cysts affect most commonly:
Answer
  • the brain
  • the heart
  • the spleen
  • the liver

Question 6

Question
which is the second most commonly affected organ by hydatid cysts?
Answer
  • brain
  • liver
  • lung
  • kidney

Question 7

Question
the following description indicates: focal aggregates in the form of the nodules of the cells with phagocytic ability. the diameter of these nodules is no more than 1-2mm, in many cases they are seen only microscopically.
Answer
  • granulomas
  • metastases
  • polyps
  • granulation tissue

Question 8

Question
what type of necrosis develops in the tuberculous granuloma?
Answer
  • caseous necrosis
  • liquefactive necrosis
  • coagulative necrosis
  • fibrinoid necrosis

Question 9

Question
what of the following cells are seen in tuberculomas?
Answer
  • giant cells type Langhans
  • epitheloid cells
  • tuton giant cells
  • lymphocytes

Question 10

Question
The giant cells type Langhans are derived from:
Answer
  • macrophages
  • epitheloid cells
  • lymphocytes
  • Monocytes

Question 11

Question
which giant cells have specific peripheral arrangement of the nuclei like horse-shoe?
Answer
  • Tuton giant cells
  • foreign body giant cells
  • Langhans giant cells
  • none of the above

Question 12

Question
in which stage of syphilis do the specific luetic granulomas develop?
Answer
  • first
  • second
  • third
  • they develop in all stages

Question 13

Question
what type of necrosis develops in luetic granulomas
Answer
  • clay-like
  • caseus
  • liquefactive
  • coagulative

Question 14

Question
what type of necrosis develops in the cat-scratch disease?
Answer
  • caseous
  • coagulative
  • liquefactive
  • gummous

Question 15

Question
mark the correct answer(s) about actinomycosis.
Answer
  • has three stages of development
  • has cervical, abdominal and thoracic froms
  • grossly, granular substance might be seen in the pus
  • grossly, rubbery lesions with central necrosis are seen in the affected organs

Question 16

Question
Mark the correct diagnosis according to the following microscopic description of a granuloma. Lack of necrosis, abundance of epitheloid cell, Langhans cells, collagen fibers, shaumann bodies
Answer
  • tuberculosis
  • sarcoidosis
  • Rheumatism
  • syphilis

Question 17

Question
Mark the correct diagnosis according to the following microscopic description of a granuloma: gummous necrosis, surrounded by epitheloid cells, single Langhans cells, abundance of plasma cells, less lymphocytes, firbroblasts.
Answer
  • tuberculosis
  • sarcoidosis
  • rheumatism
  • syphilis

Question 18

Question
the Sulfur granule is characteristic for:
Answer
  • tuberculosis
  • felinosis
  • actinomycosis
  • leprosy

Question 19

Question
Mark the correct diagnosis according to the following microscopic description of a granuloma. fibrinoid necrosis, surrounded by abundant lymphocytes, plasma cells, many cells of Anichkov and pathognomonic cells of Aschoff.
Answer
  • tuberculosis
  • rheumatoid arthritis
  • syphilis
  • rheumatism

Question 20

Question
what histological changes could be seen in thyroid in Hashimoto thyroiditis
Answer
  • unchanged
  • infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells
  • fibrosis
  • formation of lymph follicles

Question 21

Question
the histological changes in hashimoto thyroiditis affect:
Answer
  • entire thyroid gland
  • markedly focal

Question 22

Question
The thyroid follicles Hashimoto thyroiditis are:
Answer
  • unchanged
  • dilated
  • polymorphous
  • smaller

Question 23

Question
what is hyper-granulation?
Answer
  • mature connective tissue
  • hypertrophic tumor-like cicatrix/scar
  • greater amount of granulation tissue
  • none of the above

Question 24

Question
what is a scar?
Answer
  • hypertrophic granulation tissue
  • mature connective tissue
  • hypertrophic tumor-like cicatrix
  • none of the above

Question 25

Question
what is a keloid?
Answer
  • hypertrophic tumor-like cicatrix
  • mature connective tissue
  • greater amount of granulation tissue
  • none of the above

Question 26

Question
which stain can be used to prove of scarring (cicatrix) of the heart?
Answer
  • Van Gieson
  • Perls
  • Congo Red
  • PAS

Question 27

Question
which of the following could not be seen in rheumatoid nodules?
Answer
  • firbrinoid necrosis
  • epitheloid cells
  • Langhans cells
  • lymphocytes

Question 28

Question
Indicate the correct statement(s) for the polyarteriitis nodosa
Answer
  • it is an automimmune disease
  • it affects mostly the elastic arteries
  • there is accumulation of glucosaminoglycans in the vessel walls which can be demonstrated with metachromasia with toluidin Bleu
  • the branches of the pulmonary arteries are affected

Question 29

Question
Anaphylactic hypersensitivity reactions are related to:
Answer
  • hemolytic anemia
  • Hashimoto thyroiditis
  • allergic rhinitis
  • bronchial asthma

Question 30

Question
cytotoxic hypersensitivity reactions are related to
Answer
  • Hashimoto thyroiditis
  • hemolytic anemia
  • allergic rhinitis
  • nodasal polyarteriitis

Question 31

Question
Immune complexes mediated hypersensitivity reactions are related to:
Answer
  • polyartheriitis nodosa
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • hemolytic anemia
  • tuberculosis

Question 32

Question
Cell mediated hypersensitivity reactions are related to:
Answer
  • tuberculosis
  • polyarteriitis nodosa
  • bronchial asthma
  • Hashimoto thyroiditis

Question 33

Question
Which is the most common way of metastasizing of epithelial tumors?
Answer
  • by lymphatics (lymphogenic metastases)
  • with blood (hematogenic metastases)
  • by cerebrospinal fluid
  • none of the above

Question 34

Question
what is papilloma?
Answer
  • malignant tumor of the covering epithelium
  • benign tumor of glandular epithelium
  • benign tumor of cover type epithelium
  • benign soft tissue tumor

Question 35

Question
Indicate the correct characteristic(s) for Papilloma
Answer
  • it has tree-like stroma covered by differentiated stratified squamous epithelium
  • it has tree-like stroma covered by undifferentiated squamous epithelium with signs of cell atypia
  • stroma and parenchyma are difficult to distinguinsh
  • it doesnt have a capsule

Question 36

Question
what is the term used for malignant tumors of cover type epithelium?
Answer
  • adenocarcinoma
  • Papilloma
  • Carcinoma
  • Sarcoma

Question 37

Question
what is the term used for malignant tumors of glandular type epithelial origin
Answer
  • adenocarcinoma
  • adenoma
  • Carcinoma
  • Carcino-adenoma

Question 38

Question
what is the term used for benign tumors of glandular type epithelial origin?
Answer
  • Papilloma
  • Adenoma
  • teratoma
  • adenocarcinoma

Question 39

Question
point the correct statements(s) about basal cell carcinoma
Answer
  • it develops only on the skin
  • it can develop at any place with squamous epithelium
  • it characterizes with early lymphogenic and hematogenic metastases
  • very often it reoccurs at the same place after surgery

Question 40

Question
Keratinized squamous cell carcinoma:
Answer
  • develops only on the skin
  • can develop at any place with squamous epithelium
  • is highly undifferentiated malignant tumor
  • is a tumor composed of more differentiated cells with keratin production

Question 41

Question
what kind of structures are the cancer pearls?
Answer
  • accumulation of keratin produced by more differentiated malignant cells originating from squamous epithelium
  • pink- coloured homogenous substance located in the centre of the tumor nests
  • accumulation of mucus produced by highly undifferentiated malignant cells located in the centre of the tumor nests
  • pink homogenous substance that accumulates in the stroma of the tumor

Question 42

Question
the gross appearance of which tumor is called "ulcus rodens"
Answer
  • squamous cell carcinoma
  • melanoma
  • basal cell carcinoma
  • adenocarcinoma

Question 43

Question
squamous cell carcinoma develops in the lung after
Answer
  • acute bronchitis
  • chronic bronchitis accompanied by metaplasia
  • bronchial asthma
  • inhalation of a foreign body

Question 44

Question
papillary carcinoma of the urinary bladder arises from:
Answer
  • squamous epithelium
  • transitional epithelium
  • glandular epithelium
  • smooth musculature

Question 45

Question
what is carcinoma in situ?
Answer
  • malignant tumor limited to the epithelium above the basal membrane
  • malignant tumor destroying the basal membrane but spreading no more than 5mm below it
  • benign tumor limited to the basal membrane
  • benign tumor of a great size compressing the surrounding tissues

Question 46

Question
which staining is used for proving mucus production from gelatinous adenocarcinoma?
Answer
  • Congo red
  • Toluidin bleu, metachromasia is demonstrated
  • PAS reaction with amylase control
  • Van Gieson

Question 47

Question
Pericanalicular and intracanalicular types of:
Answer
  • ductal carcinoma of the breast
  • Paget's disease
  • renal cell carcinoma
  • fibroadenoma

Question 48

Question
Kruckenberg tumors are:
Answer
  • metastases from colon adenocarcinoma in the ovaries
  • metastases from pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the ovaries
  • metastases from gastric carcinoma in the ovaries
  • metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma in the ovaries

Question 49

Question
Pleomorphic adenoma could be seen mainly:
Answer
  • in the parotid gland
  • in the minor salivary glands
  • in the stomach
  • in thyroid gland

Question 50

Question
indicate the correct statements about fibroadenoma of the breast
Answer
  • Capsulated and lobulated tumor
  • non-capsulated malignant tumor with invasive growth
  • microscopically it has two types- intracanalicular and pericanalicular
  • seen in older women

Question 51

Question
Mark the correct statements about papillary cystadenoma of the ovary:
Answer
  • malignant tumor
  • has cyst-like and papillary structures
  • histological characteristics include serous and mucinous types
  • its is a physiological change related to menstrual cycle

Question 52

Question
'Linitis plastica' is a gross subtype of:
Answer
  • gastric cancer
  • pancreatic cancer
  • breast cancer
  • Uterine Cancer

Question 53

Question
Grossly adenocarcinoma of colon can be:
Answer
  • polypoid
  • Ulcerous
  • nodular
  • all of the listed above

Question 54

Question
the terms "early cancer" and "advanced cancer" are used for:
Answer
  • gastric adenocarcinoma
  • adenocarcinoma of the endometrium
  • adenocarcinoma of the colon
  • breast cancer

Question 55

Question
what Kind of Sarcoma could be seen an immune deficiency?
Answer
  • Kaposi Sarcoma
  • Ewing sarcoma
  • Rhabdomysarcoma
  • chondrosarcoma

Question 56

Question
which of the following sarcomas have the worst prognosis?
Answer
  • liposarcoma
  • osteosarcoma
  • fibrosarcoma
  • leiomyosarcoma

Question 57

Question
what staining can be used to distinguish leiomyoma uteri from fibroma?
Answer
  • Congo red
  • perls
  • PAS reaction with PAS control
  • Van Gieson

Question 58

Question
Point the characteristics of the leeiomyosarcoma
Answer
  • polymorphism of cells and nuclei
  • hyper- and polychromasia of nuclei
  • typical mytoses
  • monster cells

Question 59

Question
what is hybernoma?
Answer
  • benign tumor of vascular origin
  • benign tumor originating from brown fat tissue
  • benign tumor originating from striated muscle
  • malignant tumor originating from pigment tissue

Question 60

Question
what are the signs of the atypia in a nevus?
Answer
  • asymmetry of the lesion, irregular borders
  • dark color, irregular color of the lesion
  • diameter less than 5mm
  • regular borders

Question 61

Question
how should a biopsy be done if there is a suspicion for the melanoma?
Answer
  • incision biopsy
  • Punch biopsy
  • excision biopsy
  • brush biopsy

Question 62

Question
point the most common localizations of the teratomas
Answer
  • ovaries, testis
  • extremities
  • retroperitoneum
  • mediastinum

Question 63

Question
which of the following are organoid teratomas:
Answer
  • nephroblastoma
  • cholesteatoma
  • dermoid cyst
  • branchiogenic cyst

Question 64

Question
which of the following is organismoid teratoma?
Answer
  • epidermoid cyst
  • teratocarcinoma
  • dermoid cyst
  • nephroblastoma

Question 65

Question
what is nevus pigmentosus?
Answer
  • tumor-like process
  • tumor process
  • microscopically it contains mature melanocytes
  • microscopically it contains cells with signs of severe atypia and some of them contain melanin

Question 66

Question
what is melanoma?
Answer
  • malignant congenital tumor
  • benign tumor composed of melanocytes
  • malignant tumor of pigment origin
  • none of the above

Question 67

Question
what is an achromatic melanoma
Answer
  • benign form of melanoma
  • melanoma without melanin in the tumor cells
  • type of melanoma which can be proved with immunohistochemical tests
  • melanoma which is more differentiated

Question 68

Question
point possible localisations of the nevus pigmentosus and melanoma
Answer
  • skin
  • Uvea
  • meninges
  • all of the above

Question 69

Question
lentigo maligna, nodular, superficial, acral lentigenous are gross forms of:
Answer
  • melanoma
  • squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
  • basal cell carcinoma of the skin
  • nevus pigmentosus

Question 70

Question
indicate immunohistochemical stains to prove melanoma
Answer
  • HMB-45
  • ca-125
  • S-100
  • cytokeratin

Question 71

Question
which of the following tumors do not have a stroma
Answer
  • choriocarcinoma
  • seminoma
  • nephroblastoma
  • neuroblastoma

Question 72

Question
indicate types of nevus pigmentosus
Answer
  • acquired and congenital
  • junctional, compound, intradermal
  • benign and malignant nevus
  • ectodermal and endodermal nevus

Question 73

Question
squamous cell carcinoma occurs most frequently in:
Answer
  • stomach
  • skin
  • bladder
  • larynx

Question 74

Question
the term 'pathognomonic change' means:
Answer
  • unexplained change
  • paradoxical change
  • sufficient to identify the diagnosis/lesion
  • diffuse inflammatory change

Question 75

Question
which type of bleeding occur in the digestive system?
Answer
  • hemothorax
  • hemoptysis
  • melena
  • hematemesis

Question 76

Question
left ventricular hypertrophy can develop in:
Answer
  • cor pulmonale
  • systemic hypertension
  • mitral stenosis
  • aortic stenosis

Question 77

Question
cancer cells which show no resemblance to the tissue from which the tumor originates are called:
Answer
  • undifferentiated carcinoma
  • well-differentiated carcinoma
  • scirrhous type carcinoma
  • histioid cancer

Question 78

Question
which of the following is correct for the mechanical jaundice?
Answer
  • indirect bilirubin prevails in blood
  • elevated urine urobilinogen
  • elevated urine bilirubin
  • stools are hyperpigmented

Question 79

Question
Basal cell carcinoma is localised most frequently on:
Answer
  • the skin of the forearm
  • the skin of the lower limbs
  • the skin on the palms
  • skin of the face

Question 80

Question
Bilaterally, on the skin of the eyelids of a young woman are seen yellow nodules with the size of a grain of rice. what is it?
Answer
  • xanthelasma
  • nevus
  • ephelides
  • hemosiderin deposition

Question 81

Question
how do we call the local depigmentation of the skin
Answer
  • vitiligo
  • hemosiderosis
  • albinism
  • ohronosis

Question 82

Question
which of the following is correct for mechanical jaundice:
Answer
  • it is parenchyma jaundice
  • there is posthepatic occlusion
  • direct bilirubin is increased
  • it is also called hemolytic jaundice

Question 83

Question
"Mutilation" means:
Answer
  • form of biological mutation
  • pendulum movement of the blood
  • zonal hair loss
  • self amputation of the phalanges

Question 84

Question
in the bronchi and nasal cavity may develop squamous cell carcinoma based on:
Answer
  • hypoplasia
  • histological accomodation
  • anaplasia
  • metaplasia

Question 85

Question
state which of the following is a macroscopic characteristic of adenocarcinoma:
Answer
  • like a "bowl"
  • like a "cauliflower"
  • round non healing ulcers on the face
  • very dense knot int he face

Question 86

Question
the most common localisation of lymphangioma is:
Answer
  • the face
  • in sella turcica
  • on the phalanges of the toes
  • lips, tongue

Question 87

Question
presence of the lymphocytes and plasma cells in the stroma of tumors is called:
Answer
  • reactive inflammation
  • morphological anaplasia
  • stromal reaction
  • sinus histiocytosis

Question 88

Question
Carcinoids are:
Answer
  • tumor-like process
  • benign tumors
  • malignant tumors
  • hyperplastic process

Question 89

Question
how does carcinoma in situ metastasize?
Answer
  • by the lymph flow
  • perineural
  • by the blood flow
  • does not metastasize

Question 90

Question
the most frequent localisation of neurinoma in the skull is:
Answer
  • ponto-cerebellar angle
  • falx cerebri
  • tentorium cerebelli
  • cerebellum

Question 91

Question
Signet-ring cells are seen in:
Answer
  • in obesity
  • vacuolar degeneration of tubular epithelium in kidney
  • liver steatosis
  • adenocarcinoma accumulating mucus in tumor cells

Question 92

Question
squamous cell carcinoma may develop from:
Answer
  • mouth mucosa
  • lining in the bronchi
  • lining of the vaginal part of the cervix
  • epithelium of gastric mucosa

Question 93

Question
Dermoid cyst is:
Answer
  • mature teratoma, which occurs most frequently in the ovary
  • benign tumor of cells of the soft meninges
  • pigmental tumor
  • benign tumor associated with pregnancy

Question 94

Question
ULCUS RODENS (rodent ulcer) is a metaphor for macroscopical finding in:
Answer
  • adenocarcinoma of the stomach
  • leutic ulcer
  • Rodent bites
  • basal cell carcinoma

Question 95

Question
the following microscopic description indicates: H-E staining: the lesion consists of nests of normal melanocytes that accumulate different quantity of brown-black pigment. These cells can be found in papillary or reticular derma of the skin.
Answer
  • naevus pigementosus
  • melanoma maligum
  • skin oedema
  • basal cell Carcinoma

Question 96

Question
the following clinical features: left-sided heart failure, dyspnoe (shortness of breath), frequent cough with rusty colour expectoration, can be seen in:
Answer
  • brown induration of the lungs/hemosiderosis of lungs
  • heart tamponade
  • 1st degree AV-block
  • all of the above

Question 97

Question
which heart disease can be described with the following microscopic picture: the cuspid valve when stained with H-E shows loose area - clear and unstained spaces between fibrous structures representing interstitional mucoid oedema swelling. Fibroblasts are seen around this clear zone and in periphery of the cuspid valve (sign of fibrosis). the valve contains many newly formed capillaries (the process is called vascularisation).
Answer
  • acute endocarditis
  • subacute endocarditis
  • age-related degeneration of the valve
  • Rheumatism

Question 98

Question
which answer is correct for the following microscopic description: H-E staining: The liver columns are atropic, the sinusoids look dilated. The hepatocytes are smaller in size and contain brown-golden pigment granules with perinuclear localization
Answer
  • nutmeg liver
  • cyanosis hepatis
  • acute hepatitis
  • atrophy of the liver

Question 99

Question
the following microscopic description in indicative for: H-E staining: alveolar spaces are filled with precipitated homogenous pink fluid. Alveolar Septi and capillaries are dilated and filled with erythrocytes. Airy bubbles can be found in the alveolar cavities and in the lumens of bronchi
Answer
  • hemorrhagic infarction of the lung
  • hemosiderosis pulmonis
  • pulmofibrosis
  • lung edema
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