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W6: Vision

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HPS775 (Week 06: Vision) Quiz on W6: Vision, created by wadey on 10/10/2014.
wadey
Quiz by wadey, updated more than 1 year ago
wadey
Created by wadey about 10 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
The cornea is an adjustable structure in the eye that focuses light
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 2

Question
Light from the right side of the world stokes the left side of the retina
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 3

Question
Cones are essential for colour vision
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 4

Question
Photopigments are stable in the dark
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 5

Question
The retinex theory accounts for the principle of colour constancy
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 6

Question
Some people with damage to area V1 show a surprising phenomenon called blindsight
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 7

Question
A person with prosopagnosia cannot recognise voices
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 8

Question
Damage to area V4 would likely cause problems with colour constancy
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 9

Question
Movement of the eyes suppresses activity in the visual cortex for a brief moment
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 10

Question
Infants are born with the ability to control their visual attention
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 11

Question
In humans as in other species, the visual cortex is more plastic early in life
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 12

Question
The law of specific nerve energies states that:
Answer
  • Any stimulation above the threshold produces an action potential
  • Every stimulation of the optic nerve is perceived as light
  • Perception of a repeated stimulus fades
  • The speed of action potentials varies depending on the strength of the stimulus

Question 13

Question
In what order does visual information pass through the retina?
Answer
  • Bipolar cells, receptor cells, ganglion cells
  • Ganglion cells, bipolar cells, receptor cells
  • Receptor cells, ganglion cells, bipolar cells
  • Receptor cells, bipolar cells, ganglion cells

Question 14

Question
The optic nerve is composed of axons from which kind of cell?
Answer
  • Ganglion cells
  • Bipolar cells
  • Rods and cones
  • Horizontal cells

Question 15

Question
Which of the following characterises the fovea?
Answer
  • It has more rods than cones
  • It surrounds the point of exit of the optic nerve
  • It has the greatest perception of detail
  • It falls in the shadow cast by the pupil

Question 16

Question
Which receptors are responsible for the perception of colour?
Answer
  • Horizontal and amacrine cells
  • Rods
  • Cones
  • Both rods and cones

Question 17

Question
Which theory emphasises the idea that colour vision depends on the relative responses of three kinds of cones?
Answer
  • Volley theory
  • Opponent-process theory
  • Young-Helmholtz theory
  • Retinal theory

Question 18

Question
Colour constancy is the ability to:
Answer
  • Recognise the colour of an object despite changes in lighting
  • See colour, even in very faint light
  • Perceive all wavelengths as the same colour
  • Differentiate among many colours and hues

Question 19

Question
The enhancement of contrast at the edge of an object is the result of:
Answer
  • The colour of the object
  • The diffraction of light from the edge's surface
  • Lateral inhibition in the retina
  • Fatigue of the rods and cones

Question 20

Question
In the vertebrate retina, which cells are responsible for lateral inhibition?
Answer
  • Glial cells
  • Ganglion cells
  • Horizontal cells
  • Bipolar cells

Question 21

Question
Which ganglion cells, if any, are located mostly in or near the fovea?
Answer
  • They are all distributed equally
  • Magnocellular
  • Parvocellular
  • Koniocellular

Question 22

Question
Visual information from the lateral geniculate area goes to the:
Answer
  • Hypothalamus
  • Primary visual cortex
  • Retina
  • Thalamus

Question 23

Question
Once within the cerebral cortex, the magnocellular pathway continues as a pathway sensitive to:
Answer
  • Movement
  • Depth
  • Details of shape
  • Visual memories

Question 24

Question
Damage to the dorsal stream may interfere with:
Answer
  • Reaching out to grasp an object
  • Perceiving the movement of an object
  • Describing what is seen
  • Remembering something seen at a previous time

Question 25

Question
Which of the following would most strongly excite a simple cell in the primary visual cortex?
Answer
  • Square picture frame
  • Doughnut
  • Loud sound
  • Diffuse light throughout the visual field

Question 26

Question
What is one way to determine whether a given cell in the primary visual cortex is "simple" or "complex"?
Answer
  • Whether it is sensitive to the orientation of the stimulus
  • Whether its receptive field is monocular or binocular
  • The shape of its receptive field
  • Whether it can respond equally to lines in more than one location

Question 27

Question
An inability to recognise objects despite otherwise satisfactory vision is called:
Answer
  • Hemianopsia
  • Blindsight
  • Visual agnosia
  • Prosopagnosia

Question 28

Question
Colour perception depends mostly on:
Answer
  • Lateral geniculate
  • Parvocellular pathway
  • Magnocellular pathway
  • Superior colliculus

Question 29

Question
The ability that you have to determine that your eyes are moving instead of the room that you are in is a function of which brain area?
Answer
  • Area MST
  • Primary visual cortex
  • MT
  • Inferior temporal cortex

Question 30

Question
Most of the neurons in the visual cortex of very young kittens respond to:
Answer
  • Both eyes, and continues that way
  • One eye, and continue that way
  • One eye, but later develop binocular control
  • Both eyes, but later fine tune to only one

Question 31

Question
Children with strabismus fail to develop:
Answer
  • Any kind of depth perception
  • The ability to recognise faces
  • Perception of movement
  • Stereoscopic depth perception

Question 32

Question
Light from the left half of what world strikes what part of the retina?
Answer
  • The left half
  • The right half
  • The whole retina equally
  • It depends on the wavelength

Question 33

Question
In what order does visual information pass through the retina?
Answer
  • Receptor cells, ganglion cells, bipolar cells
  • Ganglion cells, bipolar cells, receptor cells
  • Receptor cells, bipolar cells, ganglion cells
  • Bipolar cells, receptor cells, ganglion cells

Question 34

Question
The optic nerve is composed of axons from which kind of cell?
Answer
  • Rods and cones
  • Bipolar cells
  • Horizontal cells
  • Ganglion cells

Question 35

Question
According to the trichromatic theory of colour vision
Answer
  • There are only three rods and three cones in each eye
  • There are only three colours of light in the world
  • Rods are important for perception of light colours
  • Our perception of colour depends on the relative activity of three types of cones

Question 36

Question
The enhancement of contrast at the edge of an object is the result of:
Answer
  • Lateral inhibition in the retina
  • The diffraction of light from the edge's surface
  • Fatigue of the rods and cones
  • The colour of the object

Question 37

Question
The pathway associated with integrating vision and movement progresses from the occipital cortex to the
Answer
  • Temporal cortex
  • Parietal cortex
  • Visual cortex
  • Frontal lobe

Question 38

Question
An individual suffers damage to the parietal cortex, but maintains an intact temporal cortex. This may result in an inability to:
Answer
  • Describe the size of objects
  • Describe the shape of objects
  • Describe the colour of objects
  • Reach out and grasp and object

Question 39

Question
What is one way to determine whether a given cell in the primary visual cortex is "simple" or "complex"?
Answer
  • Compare the shape of its receptive field
  • Determine whether its receptive field is monocular or binocular
  • Determine whether it can respond equally to lines in more than one location
  • Determine whether it is sensitive to the orientation of the stimulus

Question 40

Question
A man has suffered brain damage that has left him unable to recognise the faces of his wife and children, although he can identify them by their voices. What is his condition?
Answer
  • Aphasia
  • Prosopagnosia
  • Neglect
  • Motion blindness

Question 41

Question
Which of the following is the correct order of visual information passing though the retina?
Answer
  • a. Photoreceptors, bipolar cells, ganglion cells
  • b. Bipolar cells, photoreceptors, ganglion cells
  • c. Ganglion cells, photoreceptors, bipolar cells
  • d. Bipolar cells, ganglion cells, photoreceptors

Question 42

Question
What is the pathway from the eye through the brain to the thalamus?
Answer
  • a. Optic nerve, optic chiasm, lateral geniculate nucleus, ganglion cells
  • b. Ganglion cells, optic chiasm, optic nerve, lateral geniculate nucleus
  • c. Ganglion cells, optic nerve, lateral geniculate nucleus, optic chiasm
  • d. Ganglion cells, optic nerve, optic chiasm, lateral geniculate nucleus

Question 43

Question
The lateral geniculate nucleus is found in the:
Answer
  • a. Thalamus
  • b. Hypothalamus
  • c. Hippocampus
  • d. Caudate nucleus

Question 44

Question
To where in the brain do most axons of the LGN cells project?
Answer
  • a. Area V1
  • b. Primary visual cortex
  • c. Striate cortex
  • d. All of the above

Question 45

Question
What type of ganglion cell has small receptive fields in or near the fovea, responds to colour and has a high sensitivity to detail?
Answer
  • a. Magnocellular neurons
  • b. Parvocellular neurons
  • c. Koniocellular neurons
  • d. Lateral neurons

Question 46

Question
What type of ganglion cell has larger cell bodies and receptive fields, are distributed evenly throughout the retina and responds strongly to movement?
Answer
  • a. Magnocellular neurons
  • b. Parvocellular neurons
  • c. Koniocellular neurons
  • d. Lateral neurons

Question 47

Question
What is the theory that we perceive colour in terms of opposites as an attempt to explain negative colour after image and other phenomena?
Answer
  • a. Retinex theory
  • b. Young-Helmholtz theory
  • c. Opponent-process theory
  • d. Trichromatic theory

Question 48

Question
What is the theory that explains colour constancy, the ability to recognise colours, despite changes in lighting?
Answer
  • a. Retinex theory
  • b. Young-Helmholtz theory
  • c. Opponent-process theory
  • d. Trichromatic theory

Question 49

Question
A man with a stroke who couldn’t read, recognise faces, identify objects by sight, could reach out to grab objects and to shake hands. Where is he likely to have received damage?
Answer
  • a. Damaged parietal cortex, sparing his temporal cortex
  • b. Damaged temporal cortex, sparing his parietal cortex
  • c. Damaged temporal and parietal cortex
  • d. Damaged occipital and frontal cortex

Question 50

Question
The ventral stream is known as the ______ pathway and is specialised for __________
Answer
  • a. “What”; locating objects
  • b. “Where”; locating objects
  • c. “Where”; identifying objects
  • d. “What”; identifying objects

Question 51

Question
Some people who can read and recognise objects in detail, can have trouble locating objects and running into things. They are likely to have:
Answer
  • a. Damage to the dorsal stream in the parietal cortex
  • b. Damage to the ventral stream in the temporal cortex
  • c. Damage to the dorsal stream in the temporal cortex
  • d. Damage to the ventral stream in the parietal cortex

Question 52

Question
Some people with damage to the primary visual cortex (V1) have:
Answer
  • a. Prosopagnosia
  • b. Blindsight
  • c. Colour blindness
  • d. A lazy eye

Question 53

Question
Below this question are depicted several kinds of receptive fields. In these diagrams white areas correspond to regions where exposure to light results in excitation; dark areas correspond to regions where exposure to light results in inhibition. Which kinds of receptive fields would respond best to a circular beam of light with a ring of darkness around it?
Image:
receptive_fields_copy (image/jpg)
Answer
  • i
  • ii
  • iii
  • iv
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