Question 1
Question
The common vertical incision used in O&G to access the abdomen is known as a [blank_start]laparotomy[blank_end]
Question 2
Question
The incision for a caesarian section is typically conducted [blank_start]horizontally[blank_end] [blank_start]2cm[blank_end] above the [blank_start]pubic symphysis[blank_end]
Answer
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pubic symphysis
-
iliac crests
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2cm
-
4cm
-
horizontally
-
vertically
Question 3
Question
In order to reduce scarring, surgical incisions in O&G are made in an attempt to follow the tension lines of the skin known as [blank_start]Langer[blank_end] lines
Question 4
Question
What are the three layers of abdominal fascia called?
Answer
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Camper's Fascia
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Scarpa's Fascia
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Transversalis Fascia
Question 5
Question
Which of the three layers of abdominal fascia are found beneath the oblique musculature?
[blank_start]Transversalis[blank_end] fascia
Question 6
Question
Arrange the 4 groups of abdominal muscles from superficial to deep:
[blank_start]External oblique muscles[blank_end]
[blank_start]Internal oblique muscles[blank_end]
[blank_start]Rectus abdominis muscles[blank_end]
[blank_start]Transversus abdominis muscles[blank_end]
Question 7
Question
Which direction do the external oblique muscles run in?
Answer
-
Postero-anteriorly
-
Antero-Posteriorly
Question 8
Question
Superiorly, the external oblique muscles attach to ribs [blank_start]5-11[blank_end]
Question 9
Question
The external intercostals are joined by a fibrous sheath called an aponeurosis. Name the midline section where the two aponeuroses meet and blend together.
The [blank_start]Linea Alba[blank_end]
Question 10
Question
As well as the linea alba, which two other structures do the external obliques attach to inferiorly?
Answer
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Pubic tubercle
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Iliac crest
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ASIS
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Ischial spine
Question 11
Question
The internal obliques run in the [blank_start]antero-posterior[blank_end] direction
Answer
-
antero-posterior
-
postero-anterior
Question 12
Question
An aponeurosis is a flattened [blank_start]tendon[blank_end]
Answer
-
tendon
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ligament
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fibrous capsule
-
muscle
Question 13
Question
Which abdominal muscles attach to the thoracolumbar fascia found on the back of the body?
Answer
-
External obliques
-
Internal obliques
-
Transversus Abdominis
Question 14
Question
Which bony feature of the pelvis do all abdominal muscles apart from the rectus abdominis attach to?
Answer
-
Pubic Tubercle
-
Iliac Crest
-
ASIS
-
Ischial Spine
Question 15
Question
The aponeurosis that exists lateral to the rectus abdominis muscles is known as the linea [blank_start]semilunaris[blank_end]
Question 16
Question
What is the name of the strong, fibrous layer that surrounds the rectus abdominis muscles and is made up of the combined aponeuroses of transversus abdominis, external oblique and internal oblique muscles?
[blank_start]Rectus sheath[blank_end]
Question 17
Question
Which line, lying halfway between the pubic crest and umbilicus, demarcates the lower part of the rectus sheath?
The [blank_start]Arcuate[blank_end] line
Question 18
Question
Which lateral abdominal muscle is always superficial to the rectus abdominis in the rectus sheath?
Answer
-
External Oblique
-
Internal Oblique
-
Transversus Abdominis
Question 19
Question
Which muscle splits into anterior and posterior 'leaflets' in the rectus sheath above the acuate line?
Answer
-
External oblique
-
Internal oblique
-
Transversus Abdominis
Question 20
Question
The only notable difference above and below the arcuate line is that above the arcuate line the internal oblique is split into two leaflets, one of which is superficial and the other deep to the rectus abdominis, whereas below the arcuate line the whole internal oblique lies superficial to the rectus abdominis.
Question 21
Question
What is the vertebral level os the subcostal nerve?
[blank_start]T12[blank_end]
Question 22
Question
Blood supply to the anterolateral abdominal wall:
Anterior Abdominal Wall:
Superior & Inferior [blank_start]epigastric[blank_end] arteries
Lateral Abdominal Wall:
[blank_start]Intercostal[blank_end] and [blank_start]subcostal[blank_end] arteries (alphabetical order)
Answer
-
epigastric
-
subcostal
-
Intercostal
Question 23
Question
Blood supply to the anterior abdominal wall:
The Superior Epigastric Arteries are a continuation of the [blank_start]internal thoracic[blank_end] artery
The Inferior Epigastric Arteries are branches of the [blank_start]External Iliac[blank_end] Artery
Answer
-
External Iliac
-
internal thoracic
Question 24
Question
What are the internal thoracic arteries and veins also known as in women?
The [blank_start]mammary[blank_end] arteries and veins
Question 25
Question
What is the vertebral level of the ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves that supply the anterolateral abdominal wall?
[blank_start]L1[blank_end]
Question 26
Question
Between which two muscles do the abdominal nerves travel?
Answer
-
External Oblique
-
Internal Oblique
-
Transversus Abdominis
Question 27
Question
In a Caesarean section, the rectus abdominis muscles are cut in order to reach the uterus.
Question 28
Question
Which structure is found halfway between ASIS and pubic tubercle, and is the emerging point for the inferior epigastric artery into the abdomen?
[blank_start]Deep inguinal ring[blank_end]
Question 29
Question
What triangle is formed from the lateral border of rectus sheath medially, the inguinal ligament inferiorly and the inferior epigastric artery laterally?
The [blank_start]Inguinal[blank_end] Triangle
Question 30
Question
Direct vs Indirect Hernias:
First, reduce the hernia and put pressure on the deep inguinal ring (halfway between ASIS and pubic tubercle). Following this ask the patient to cough.
If it pops out upon coughing, it's [blank_start]a direct[blank_end] inguinal hernia (through rectus muscle)
If it doesn't pop out upon coughing, it's [blank_start]an indirect[blank_end] inguinal hernia (it passes through the deep inguinal ring, which you're blocking)
Answer
-
a direct
-
an indirect
-
an indirect
-
a direct
Question 31
Question
Direct inguinal hernias occur [blank_start]medially[blank_end] to the inferior epigastric artery.
Indirect inguinal hernias occur [blank_start]laterally[blank_end] to the inferior epigastric artery.
Answer
-
laterally
-
medially
-
medially
-
laterally
Question 32
Question
The incision used to conduct a hysterectomy is the same that is used to conduct a caesarean section