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Common Dermatological Problems

Description

Quiz on Common Dermatological Problems , created by MPusey on 29/12/2014.
MPusey
Quiz by MPusey, updated more than 1 year ago
MPusey
Created by MPusey almost 10 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
What is atopic eczema?
Answer
  • An inflammatory process affecting the skin
  • Loss of melanocytes from the stratum basale
  • Thinning of the epidermis

Question 2

Question
Atopic eczema is not the most common form of eczema.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 3

Question
What percentage of the population does eczema affect?
Answer
  • 5%
  • 15%
  • 35%
  • 60%

Question 4

Question
What is the most common age of onset of atopic eczema?
Answer
  • Childhood
  • Middle age
  • Aged 60+

Question 5

Question
What conditions are often associated with atopic eczema?
Answer
  • Hayfever
  • Asthma
  • IBS
  • Meningitis

Question 6

Question
Histologically, which layer of skin thickens in the chronic stage of eczema?
Answer
  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
  • Subcutis

Question 7

Question
In which stage of eczema is the skin likely to be weepy?
Answer
  • Acute
  • Chronic

Question 8

Question
The vesicles that are present during the acute stage of atopic eczema are found....
Answer
  • intraepidermally
  • intradermally
  • between the epidermis and dermis

Question 9

Question
Where does infantile atopic eczema usually first present?
Answer
  • Cheeks
  • Nappy area
  • Flexures (e.g. crook of elbow)
  • Extensor surfaces (e.g. back of elbow)

Question 10

Question
What area of the body does infantile atopic eczema usually spare?
Answer
  • Face
  • Nappy area
  • Hands and feet
  • Torso

Question 11

Question
Where does eczema tend to localize to in school-age children?
Answer
  • Flexures
  • Extensor surfaces
  • Hand and feet
  • Between the digits

Question 12

Question
What is lichenification?
Answer
  • Thick, leathery skin due to extensive scratching or rubbing of the area
  • Thin, papery skin due to the skin drying out
  • Thickening of the skin due to the skin drying out
  • Skin that has lost its pigment due to excess scratching or rubbing

Question 13

Question
Which of the following are common triggers for atopic eczema?
Answer
  • Cleaning products
  • Dust mites
  • Animal fur
  • Pollens
  • Salt water

Question 14

Question
What can be used to break the itch-scratch cycle commonly seen in eczema?
Answer
  • Mittens or gloves
  • Steroids
  • Antihistamines
  • Oral antibiotics

Question 15

Question
How times a day are emollients usually prescribed for a person with eczema?
Answer
  • Once a day
  • Twice a day
  • Three times a day
  • As required

Question 16

Question
How can using soap substitutes help in the treatment of eczema?
Answer
  • Reduce irritation
  • Moisturize the skin
  • Prevent bacteria from entering the affected areas

Question 17

Question
How should steroids be used in the treatment of eczema?
Answer
  • Intermittently to control flare ups, but not on more the 7 days in a month
  • Constantly
  • As required, but not for more than a month at a time

Question 18

Question
What treatments can a dermatologist offer for eczema that a GP cannot?
Answer
  • Topical steroids
  • Systemic treatments
  • UV light therapy
  • Calcineurin inhibitors
  • Oral antibiotics

Question 19

Question
What are calcineurin inhibitors?
Answer
  • Immunomodulating drugs that block calcineurin receptors
  • Immunomodulating drugs that prevent the production of calcineurin
  • Immunomodulating drugs that decrease the effects of calcineurin by binding to it and changing its shape

Question 20

Question
What does calcineurin do?
Answer
  • Activates inflammation within the skin
  • Causes immune cells within the skin to proliferate
  • Aggravates the skin causing inflammation

Question 21

Question
Steroids can cause stretch marks or striae on the skin.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 22

Question
What is the most common bacterial infection that accompanies eczema?
Answer
  • Staphylococcal infection
  • E. Coli infection
  • Streptococcal infection

Question 23

Question
What is the most common viral co-infection that accompanies eczema?
Answer
  • Herpes infection
  • Rhotavirus infection
  • Coronovirus infection

Question 24

Question
When is hyper- or hypo- pigmentation most likely to occur in eczema?
Answer
  • Following treatment with steroids
  • After an acute phase
  • After scarring has healed

Question 25

Question
Eczema does not cause scarring. True or false?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 26

Question
Where does psoriasis most often occur on the body?
Answer
  • Flexor surfaces
  • Extensor surfaces
  • Torso
  • Extremities

Question 27

Question
Which of these descriptions most accurately describes psoriasis?
Answer
  • Well-defined, inflamed plaques which appear white and scaly
  • Poor-defined, inflamed plaques which appear white and scaly
  • Well-defined, inflamed plaques which appear golden and crusty
  • Poorly-defined, inflamed plaques which appear golden and crusty

Question 28

Question
What percentage of the population is affected by psoriasis?
Answer
  • 0.1-0.5%
  • 1-2%
  • 5-7%
  • 10-15%

Question 29

Question
What is the peak age of onset for psoriasis?
Answer
  • 15 years old
  • 28 years old
  • 40 years old
  • 67 years old

Question 30

Question
Psoriasis only affects women. True or false?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 31

Question
Psoriasis usually affects extensor surfaces, but where else can it commonly affect?
Answer
  • Sacrum
  • Scalp
  • Ears
  • Palms of the hands and soles of the feet
  • Cheeks
  • Lips
  • Axillary region

Question 32

Question
The distribution of psoriasis is usually symmetrical. True or false?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 33

Question
Histologically, what occurs in psoriasis?
Answer
  • Disordered maturation of keratinocytes
  • Increased epidermal transit time of keratinocytes
  • Thickening of the epidermis
  • Hyperplasia of keratinocytes in the stratum corneum
  • Benign proliferation of Langerhan cells within the epidermis

Question 34

Question
How does coal tar help to treat psoriasis?
Answer
  • Slows the growth of keratinocytes
  • Restores the skins appearance
  • Reduces the irritation of the skin
  • Thins the epidermis
  • Slows hair growth

Question 35

Question
Why is coal tar not well tolerated?
Answer
  • It can make the skin red and itchy
  • It can stain clothes, bedding and light-coloured hair
  • It causes hair loss
  • Not very much improvement is seen after short-term use

Question 36

Question
How is salicylic acid useful in treating psoriasis?
Answer
  • It softens the plaques and helps lift them off the skin to reveal normal skin underneath
  • It reduces blood pressure which helps to prevent psoriasis flare-ups
  • It moisturizes the skin

Question 37

Question
What is the mechanism of action of vitamin D analogues used in the treatment of psoriasis?
Answer
  • Reduces proliferation of keratinocytes and stimulates epidermal cell differentiation
  • Reduces proliferation of melanocytes and stimulated epidermal cell differentiation
  • Increases proliferation of keratinocytes and stimulates epidermal cell differentiation
  • Reduces proliferation of keratinocytes and reduces epidermal cell differentiation

Question 38

Question
What treatments can dermatologists offer for psoriasis that GPs cannot?
Answer
  • Topical steroids
  • UV phototherapy
  • Systemic medications
  • Monoclonal antibodies
  • Emollients
  • Coal tar

Question 39

Question
Which wavelength of UV light is used in UV phototherapy?
Answer
  • UV A
  • UV B
  • UV C

Question 40

Question
Why are oral retinoids given before a course of UV phototherapy?
Answer
  • To enhance the effects of the UV phototherapy
  • To sedate the patient
  • To ensure the patient does not experience and nausea or vomiting
  • To reduce the risk of DNA damage to skin cells

Question 41

Question
What is the course of treatment for UV phototherapy?
Answer
  • 2-3 times per week for 3-4 months
  • As required
  • 6 times per week for a month
  • Once per week for one year

Question 42

Question
What is the cause of acne vulgaris?
Answer
  • Over-activity of pilo-sebaceous glands
  • Over-activity of apocrine sweat glands
  • Over-activity of eccrine sweat glands
  • Under-activity of pilo-sebaceous glands

Question 43

Question
What causes the over stimulation of the sebaceous glands?
Answer
  • Hormonal stimulation
  • Diet
  • Sympathetic nervous stimulation
  • Parasympathetic nervous stimulation

Question 44

Question
How does the over stimulation of the sebaceous glands then lead to acne?
Answer
  • The hair follicles become "plugged" with secretions
  • Inflammation occurs within the hair follicles
  • Hair growth is too fast due to increased sebum leading to the follicle becoming blocked

Question 45

Question
Where on the body is acne most common?
Answer
  • Face
  • Upper chest and back
  • Hands
  • Scalp

Question 46

Question
Why is acne most common on the face, upper chest and upper back?
Answer
  • Because the highest population of sebaceous glands is found here
  • Because these areas are often exposed
  • Because these areas are most often touched with dirty hands

Question 47

Question
How many grades of severity are there for acne vulgaris?
Answer
  • 3
  • 4
  • 6
  • 7

Question 48

Question
What do topical retinoids do?
Answer
  • Dry skin out
  • Moisturize the skin
  • Prevent stimulation of sebaceous glands
  • Reduce the viscosity of sebum

Question 49

Question
How should systemic retinoids not be given to?
Answer
  • Pregnant women
  • Anyone under the age of 12
  • Anyone taking oral antibiotics

Question 50

Question
How is the oral contraceptive pill useful in treating acne?
Answer
  • It controls the hormones to prevent over stimulation
  • It makes sebum less viscous preventing "plugging" of the hair follicles
  • It makes hair follicles larger so that they become "plugged" less easily
  • It is used in women and girls to give a placebo effect

Question 51

Question
Both oral and topical antibiotics can be used to treat acne vulgaris. True or false?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 52

Question
What type of infection is impetigo?
Answer
  • Bacterial
  • Viral
  • Fungal

Question 53

Question
Which bacteria are most commonly responsible for impetigo?
Answer
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Staphylococcus pyogenes
  • E. coli
  • All Streptococcal bacteria

Question 54

Question
What feature is very characteristic of impetigo?
Answer
  • Golden-yellow crust
  • Severe inflammation
  • Purple-ish flecks within the rash

Question 55

Question
What two treatments are most commonly used to treat impetigo?
Answer
  • Fucidin cream
  • Oral flucloxadin
  • Topical penicillin
  • Emollients
  • Methotrexate
  • Topical dexamethasone

Question 56

Question
What virus usually causes viral warts?
Answer
  • Human papilloma virus
  • Rhotar virus
  • Astrovirus
  • Herpes simplex virus type I

Question 57

Question
How are viral warts most commonly transmitted?
Answer
  • In water
  • By sharing clothes or bedding
  • By touching the wart and then touching areas of damaged skin

Question 58

Question
Viral warts are often self-resolving. True or false?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 59

Question
Which of the following is not a treatment for viral warts?
Answer
  • Duct taping and filing down
  • Salicylic acid
  • Cryotherapy
  • Topical antibiotics

Question 60

Question
Tinea and roundworm are different skin conditions. True or false?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 61

Question
What is tinea caused by?
Answer
  • A bacteria
  • A virus
  • A fungus

Question 62

Question
What is the usually given as treatment for tinea?
Answer
  • Topical anti-fungals
  • Topical antibiotics
  • Emollients
  • Topical corticosteroids

Question 63

Question
Systemic treatment is never used for tinea infection. True or false?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 64

Question
What causes actinic keratosis?
Answer
  • Sun exposure
  • Benign proliferation of melanocytes
  • Hormonal over-stimulation
  • Wear and tear of the skin over time

Question 65

Question
In what age group is actinic keratosis most common?
Answer
  • Over sixties
  • Forties to fifties
  • Teenagers
  • Infants

Question 66

Question
Why must actinic keratosis be closely observed?
Answer
  • Because it can develop into skin cancer
  • Because as it increases in size it can become very painful
  • Because if a person has more than three lesions they may have liver cirrhosis

Question 67

Question
What skin cancer is actinic keratosis most likely to develop into?
Answer
  • Melanoma
  • Squamous cell carcinoma
  • Basal cell carcinoma

Question 68

Question
What treatments are there for actinic keratosis?
Answer
  • Cryptherapy
  • Emollients
  • Topical corticosteroids
  • Systemic retinoids
  • Oral antibiotics

Question 69

Question
Which type of skin cancer is considered to be the least serious?
Answer
  • Basal cell carcinoma
  • Squamous cell carcinoma
  • Melanoma

Question 70

Question
Where on the body does basal cell carcinoma most commonly present?
Answer
  • Head and neck
  • Hands and arms
  • Torso
  • Any sun exposed area

Question 71

Question
What is the appearance of a basal cell carcinoma lesion?
Answer
  • Shiny, translucent nodule
  • Dark, asymmetrical lesion
  • Inflamed, crater-shaped lesion

Question 72

Question
Why is basal cell carcinoma not referred under the two week wait rule?
Answer
  • Because it very rarely metastasizes
  • Because nothing can be done to remove this cancer
  • Because too many people get this type of cancer for the NHS to deal with

Question 73

Question
Squamous cell carcinoma only arises from actinic keratosis. True or false?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 74

Question
What is squamous cell carcinoma caused by?
Answer
  • Cumulative sun-exposure
  • Over stimulation by hormones
  • Smoking
  • Some recreational drugs

Question 75

Question
What features of a skin lesion would make it suspicious?
Answer
  • One solid colour only
  • Asymmetry
  • Clear borders
  • Diameter bigger than 6mm
  • Additional features, e.g. itching or bleeding
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