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The Respiratory System: the Upper Respiratory Tract

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Medicine Anatomy of Systems Quiz on The Respiratory System: the Upper Respiratory Tract, created by Charlotte Jakes on 26/01/2020.
Charlotte Jakes
Quiz by Charlotte Jakes, updated more than 1 year ago
Charlotte Jakes
Created by Charlotte Jakes over 4 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Inspired air is almost 100% saturated with water in the nasal cavity.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 2

Question
What is the anterior nares?
Answer
  • Anterior opening of nose
  • Opening of the nasal cavity into the pharynx
  • The folds of the nasal cavity wall
  • The region of the pharynx behind the nasal cavity

Question 3

Question
What is the posterior nares?
Answer
  • The anterior opening of the nose
  • The opening of the nose into the pharynx
  • The region of the pharynx behind the nasal cavity
  • The folds of the nasal cavity wall

Question 4

Question
Both the mouth and nose open into the pharynx.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 5

Question
Label this image to show the regions of the pharynx. Note how this image shows how both the mouth and nose open up into the pharynx.
Image:
Pharynx (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx

Question 6

Question
What are the nasal conchae?
Answer
  • Folds of the nasal cavity wall
  • Blood vessels in the nasal cavity wall
  • The two anterior openings of the nose (nostrils)
  • The posterior opening of the nose

Question 7

Question
What is the purpose of the nasal conchae and the blood vessels being close to the mucosa of the nasal cavity?
Answer
  • Warms inspired air
  • Cools inspired air
  • Saturates inspired air with water
  • Filters inspired air

Question 8

Question
Which part of the pharynx would you find an opening to the middle ear?
Answer
  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx

Question 9

Question
The larynx acts as a sphincter that prevents food and fluid from entering the airway.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 10

Question
What is the carina?
Answer
  • The ridge of cartilage between the two main bronchi
  • The rings of cartilage that make up the trachea
  • The folds of the walls of the nasal cavity
  • The region of the pharynx occurring behind the mouth

Question 11

Question
Which bronchus has a smaller and at more of an angle, making it more vulnerable to aspiration?
Answer
  • Left
  • Right

Question 12

Question
Which is true of the branching of the bronchi?
Answer
  • Progressively less cartilage and more muscle as branching continues
  • Progressively less muscle and more cartilage as branching continues
  • Simple epithelium becomes stratified columnar epithelium as branching continues
  • Progressively fewer alveoli as branching continues

Question 13

Question
Which is true of the organisation of the bronchi?
Answer
  • 3 lobar bronchi in the right lung, 2 lobar bronchi in the left lung
  • 2 lobar bronchi in the right lung, 3 lobar bronchi in the left lung
  • 1 lobar bronchus in each lung
  • 2 lobar bronchi in each lung

Question 14

Question
Label this diagram to show the divisions of the bronchi.
Image:
Bronchi (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Trachea
  • Main bronchus
  • Lobar bronchus
  • Segmental bronchus

Question 15

Question
Which of the following describes respiratory epithelium?
Answer
  • Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
  • Pseudostratified ciliated squamous epithelium
  • Stratified squamous non-keratinising epithelium
  • Simple ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 16

Question
Where do the bronchial arteries branch off?
Answer
  • Descending aorta
  • Aortic arch
  • Left pulmonary vein
  • Right pulmonary artery

Question 17

Question
Which is true of the bronchial arteries?
Answer
  • Three branches on left, one on right
  • Three branches on right, one on left
  • One branch on left, one branch on right
  • Two branches on left, two branches on right

Question 18

Question
Fill in the blanks to label the pulmonary vasculature.
Image:
Pulmonary+Vasculature (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Pulmonary artery
  • Pulmonary vein
  • Bronchial artery

Question 19

Question
There are goblet cells and serous glands in the respiratory epithelium. What do serous glands secrete?
Answer
  • Watery fluid containing antibacterial enzyme
  • Watery fluid containing macrophages and white blood cells
  • Watery fluid containing mast cells
  • Thick mucous

Question 20

Question
Where do the cilia in the respiratory tract move bacteria-laden mucus to?
Answer
  • The stomach
  • The mouth
  • The nasal sinuses
  • The middle ear

Question 21

Question
Macrophages are destroyed in the stomach after they have engulfed bacteria.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 22

Question
What do mast cells release?
Answer
  • Histamine
  • Vasopressin
  • Angiotensin II
  • Macrophages

Question 23

Question
What does histamine do?
Answer
  • Reduces the lumen of the airway in the presence of a toxin
  • Increases the lumen of the airway in the presence of a toxin
  • Triggers the cough reflex in the presence of a toxin
  • Stimulate the formation of cilia on the epithelial cells

Question 24

Question
What does the hypothalamus change breathing in response to?
Answer
  • Pain and emotions
  • Blood chemistry (e.g. pCO2)
  • Contraction of the muscles
  • Stretch of the parietal pleura

Question 25

Question
What is proprioception?
Answer
  • Perception or awareness of position and/or movement
  • Detection of irritants
  • Detection of stretch
  • Detection of chemicals

Question 26

Question
What do the C-receptors detect?
Answer
  • Irritants in the airway
  • Stretch in the airway
  • Blood chemistry (e.g. pCO2)
  • Muscle contraction

Question 27

Question
Where are the receptors for the cough reflex found?
Answer
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Alveoli
  • Bronchioles
  • Nasal cavity

Question 28

Question
Where do afferent fibres from the cough reflex integrate?
Answer
  • Medulla
  • Pons
  • Hypothalamus
  • Posterior pituitary

Question 29

Question
Which is the afferent pathway in the cough reflex?
Answer
  • Ipsilateral vagus nerve
  • T1 spinal nerve
  • Phrenic nerve
  • Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 30

Question
Which of the following are efferent nerves of the cough reflex?
Answer
  • Phrenic nerve
  • Recurrent laryngeal nerve
  • Vagal efferents to bronchial tree
  • Ipsilateral vagus nerve
  • T1 spinal nerve
  • C7 spinal nerve

Question 31

Question
The trachealis is involved in the cough reflex.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 32

Question
Label this image to show the anatomy of the larynx.
Image:
Larynx (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Epiglottis
  • Thyroid cartilage
  • Arytenoid cartilages
  • Cricoid cartilage

Question 33

Question
Label this image of the larynx from inside the mouth.
Image:
Larynx+Sphincter+Shit (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • False vocal fold
  • True vocal fold
  • Epiglottis
  • Vestibular fold
  • Vocal fold
  • Glottis
  • Arytenoid cartilage

Question 34

Question
Label this coronal section of the larynx.
Image:
Coronal+Section+Larynx (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Trachea
  • Cricoid cartilage
  • Vestibular fold
  • Vocal fold
  • Thyroid cartilage
  • Epiglottis
  • Hyoid bone

Question 35

Question
Label this section of the trachea.
Image:
Trachea (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Trachealis muscle
  • Oesophagus
  • Mucosa
  • Submucosa
  • Hyaline cartilage
  • Adventitia

Question 36

Question
What type of connective tissue occurs in the adventitia of the trachea?
Answer
  • Areolar
  • Mesenchymal
  • Adipose
  • Cartilage

Question 37

Question
Drag and drop the correct labels to each of the below positions of the larynx.
Image:
Larynx+Openings (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Rotation of arytenoids
  • Abduction of arytenoids
  • Used for whispering

Question 38

Question
Label this image to show the anatomy of the larynx, in particular the membranes.
Image:
Larynx+Membranes (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Thyrohyoid membrane
  • Median hyrohydroid ligament
  • Internal laryngeal nerve
  • Superior laryngeal artery
  • Lateral thyrohyroid ligament
  • Median cricothyroid ligament
  • Cricothyroid membrane
  • Cricotracheal ligament

Question 39

Question
What do you puncture in a laryngotomy?
Answer
  • Cricothyroid membrane
  • Thyrohyoid membrane
  • Thyroid cartilage
  • Epiglottis

Question 40

Question
Why is it dangerous to perform a laryngotomy on an individual with three thyroid gland lobes?
Answer
  • Artery runs up midline of lobe
  • Vein runs up midline of lobe
  • Damage to the thyroid gland can be fatal
  • The thyroid gland lies superior to the thyroid cartilage

Question 41

Question
Label this diagram to show the innervation of the larynx.
Image:
Laryngeal+Nerves (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Inferior vagal ganglion
  • Right vagus nerve
  • Right recurrent laryngeal
  • Left recurrent laryngeal
  • Left vagus nerve
  • External laryngeal
  • Internal laryngeal
  • Superior laryngeal
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