Question 1
Question
Forensic medicine is a branch of medicine that
Answer
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applies the principles and knowledge of the medical sciences to problems in the field of surgery
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applies the principles and knowledge of the medical sciences to problems in the field of law
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applies the principles and knowledge of the medical sciences to problems in the field of microbiology
Question 2
Question
The Forensic Pathologist can determine
Answer
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cause of death, mechanism of death and manner of death
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cause of death and manner of death
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mechanism of death and manner of death
Question 3
Question
If the mechanism of death is asphyxia, the cause of death is
Answer
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stabbing
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strangulation
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gunshot
Question 4
Question
The manner of death by gunshot could be
Question 5
Question
In which of the following cases forensic autopsy is applicable
Answer
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violent deaths
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all kinds of death
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death in hospital
Question 6
Question
Which are the components of the forensic autopsy
Question 7
Question
An autopsy includes
Question 8
Question
Types of violent deaths are
Question 9
Question
When the mechanism of death is loss of blood, the cause of death is
Answer
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strangulation
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stabbing
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hanging
Question 10
Question
Asphyxia refers to a state in which the body becomes deprived of
Answer
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carbon dioxide while in excess of oxygen
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oxygen while in excess of carbon dioxide
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oxygen and carbon dioxide
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glucose in the blood
Question 11
Question
The categories of asphyxial death are
Answer
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neck compression and chest compression
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neck compression, chest compression, positional asphyxia, airway obstruction and exhaustion or displacement of environmental oxygen
-
neck compression
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chest compression
Question 12
Question
The mechanisms of death by neck compression are
Answer
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compression of the jugular veins and of the carotid arteries, airway obstruction and cardiac arrhythmia
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injuries to the larynx
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intramuscular bleeding
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intimal carotid artery laceration
Question 13
Question
Internal appearance of strangulation is
Question 14
Question
The time interval of compression on the neck to loss of consciousness is approximately
Answer
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20 sec if one of the carotid arteries is compressed and a minute if only the jugulars are compressed
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10 sec if both carotid arteries are compressed and two minutes if only the jugulars are compressed
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10 sec if both carotid arteries are compressed and a minute if only the jugulars are not compressed
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10 sec if both carotid arteries are compressed and a minute if only the jugulars are compressed
Question 15
Question
Where a constricting band is tightened around the neck, there is usually gross congestion, cyanosis and petechiae in the face if the pressure is maintained for more than about
Answer
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20 seconds
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10 seconds
-
5 seconds
-
15 seconds
Question 16
Question
The categories of strangulation are
Answer
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manual strangulation and ligature
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manual strangulation, ligature and hanging
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ligature and hanging
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manual strangulation and hanging
Question 17
Question
Cardiac arrhythmia is a mechanism whereby pressure over the carotid artery at the carotid sinus provokes
Answer
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petechial haemorrhages
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hypocapnea
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bradycardia
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tachycardia
Question 18
Question
The mark most often tends to encircle the neck horizontally and at a lower level in cases of
Question 19
Question
The fingernail marks indicate
Question 20
Question
This scheme shows
Question 21
Question
Hanging which involves free swinging results in an almost instantaneous death due to
Answer
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pressure on the laryngeal prominence
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sudden pressure on the neck arteries
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decreased pressure on the neck arteries
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increased pressure on the laryngo-pharynx
Question 22
Question
A wound is a ................. produced by external mechanical force
Answer
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leakage of blood from ruptured small vessels into the surrounding tissues
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disruption of the continuity of tissues
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portion of the body surface, which has been moved by rubbing
Question 23
Question
A blunt force injury is any bodily damage resulting from
Answer
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forceful contact between the body and a blunt object
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forceful contact between the body and a sharp object
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forceful contact between the body and chemicals
Question 24
Question
The only mechanism of blunt force trauma (BFT) is
Answer
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a moving object stinking the body
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a moving body striking a fixed object or surface
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a moving object striking the body or a moving body striking a fixed object or surface
Question 25
Question
These three blunt force injuries - abrasions, bruises and lacerations
Question 26
Question
Bruises occur when the elastic limit, the tolerance of subcutaneous blood vessels is exceeded
Answer
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so that they tear and bleed
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so that they become congested
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so that they shrink and remain intact
Question 27
Answer
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a leakage of blood from ruptured small vessels into the surrounding tissues
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the settling of blood into the lowermost blood vessels under gravity after the circulation ceases
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injuries involving superficial layers of the skin the epidermis or mucus membrane
Question 28
Question
Tramline bruising is due to impact with
Question 29
Question
The bruises usually disappear after
Answer
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14-15 days
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3-5 days
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3-4 days
Question 30
Question
The colour of a bruise depends on the colour of
Question 31
Question
One of the differences between the lividity and the bruise is
Answer
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that the bruise appears over the site of injury and lividity appears depending on the part of the body
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that lividity appears over the site of injury and the bruise appears depending on the part of the body
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that the bruise appears opposite the site of injury and lividity appears depending on the part of the body
Question 32
Question
An abrasion is an area of crushing, loss of skin or mucous membrane due to
Question 33
Question
Abrasions bleed only slightly, heal quickly and
Answer
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leave a scar
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leave no scar
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sometimes leave a scar
Question 34
Question
Tangential impact between an object and the skin causes a typical graze in which the superficial skin layers are most often
Answer
-
scraped off and piled up as skin tags at the far end of the injury
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scraped off and piled up as skin tags at the near end of the injury
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scraped off and piled up as skin tags at both ends of the injury
Question 35
Question
A scratch is a linear abrasion produced by drawing a sharp point
Answer
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only over the surface of mucous membrane
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only over the surface of the skin
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the surface of the skin or mucous membrane
Question 36
Question
The tissue bridges are found in
Question 37
Question
Early post-mortem change is
Answer
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body cooling
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putrefaction
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mummification
Question 38
Question
Early post-mortem change is
Answer
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putrefaction
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rigor mortis
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mummification
Question 39
Question
Early post-mortem change is
Answer
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livor mortis
-
putrefaction
-
mummification
Question 40
Question
Late post-mortem change is
Answer
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livor mortis
-
rigor mortis
-
mummification
Question 41
Question
Late post-mortem change is
Answer
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putrefaction
-
rigor mortis
-
body cooling
Question 42
Question
Late post-mortem change is
Answer
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livor mortis
-
body cooling
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adipocere
Question 43
Question
The "Spot of the Larche” is
Question 44
Answer
-
stiffening of the muscles after death
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cooling of the body after death
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settling of blood into the lowermost blood vessels under gravity after death
Question 45
Answer
-
stiffening of the muscles after death
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cooling of the body after death
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settling of blood into the lowermost blood vessels under gravity after death
Question 46
Answer
-
stiffening of the muscles after death
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cooling of the body after death
-
settling of blood into the lowermost blood vessels under gravity after death
Question 47
Answer
-
due to hydrogenation and hydrolysis of body fat
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due to dehydration and desiccation of the tissues and the organs
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post-mortem destruction of the soft tissues of the body by the action of bacteria (bacterial action) and endogenous enzymes (autolysis)
Question 48
Answer
-
due to hydrogenation and hydrolysis of body fat
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due to dehydration and desiccation of the tissues and the organs
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post-mortem destruction of the soft tissues of the body by the action of bacteria (bacterial action) and endogenous enzymes (autolysis)
Question 49
Question
Mummification is
Answer
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due to hydrogenation and hydrolysis of body fat
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due to dehydration and desiccation of the tissues and the organs
-
post-mortem destruction of the soft tissues of the body by the action of bacteria (bacterial action) and endogenous enzymes (autolysis)
Question 50
Question
Firearm injuries occur when
Answer
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someone is hit with the handle of a pistol
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someone is shot by a bullet or other sort of projectile from a firearm
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someone is hit with the handle of a rifle
Question 51
Question
The kinetic energy of a bullet is proportional to mass and
Question 52
Question
The projectiles may be classified according to their speed as
Answer
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low velocity (<300 m/second) or high velocity (>300 m/second)
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low velocity (<400 m/second) or high velocity (>400 m/second)
-
low velocity (<500 m/second) or high velocity (>500 m/second)
Question 53
Question
The classification of firearms
Answer
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a rifled firearm and a smooth bore firearm
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a rifled firearm, smooth bore firearm, air or gas operated firearm and country made firearm
-
air or gas operated firearm and country made firearm
Question 54
Question
The function of the case of the cartridge is
Answer
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it expands and seals chamber against rearward escape of gases
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it explodes on compression igniting the propellant
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it burns to produce large volumes of gases under pressure
Question 55
Question
The function of the primer of the cartridge is
Answer
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it expands and seals chamber against rearward escape of gases
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it explodes on compression igniting the powder
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it burns to produce large volumes of gases under pressure
Question 56
Question
The function of the gun powder of the cartridge is
Answer
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it expands and seals chamber against rearward escape of gases
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it explodes on compression igniting the powder
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it burns to produce large volumes of gases under pressure
Question 57
Question
The function of the bullet or pellets of the cartridge is
Answer
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it expands and seals chamber against rearward escape of gases
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it explodes on compression igniting the powder
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it is the part which exits the muzzle
Question 58
Question
The wound ballistics is
Answer
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the study of projectile penetration of solids
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the study of projectiles in the air
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the study of projectile penetration of tissues
Question 59
Question
The wounding potential depends on
Answer
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the weight of projectile only
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the velocity of projectiles
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the projectile’s deformation only
Question 60
Question
An entry wound is
Answer
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a wound produced by a projectile as it enters the body
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a wound produced by a projectile as it exits the body
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a path traversed by the projectile in the body
Question 61
Question
An exit wound is
Answer
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a wound produced by a projectile as it enters the body
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a wound produced by a projectile as it exits the body
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a path traversed by the projectile in the body
Question 62
Answer
-
a wound produced by a projectile as it enters the body
-
a wound produced by a projectile as it exits the body
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a path traversed by the projectile in the body
Question 63
Question
Projectiles disrupt tissues by the following principal mechanisms:
Answer
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permanent cavity formation and projectile deformation
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temporary cavity formation and projectile fragmentation
-
permanent cavity formation and temporary cavity formation
Question 64
Question
Secondary wounding mechanisms may include
Answer
-
bullet
-
discharge gases
-
pellet
Question 65
Question
Secondary wounding mechanisms may include
Question 66
Question
Secondary wounding mechanisms may include
Question 67
Question
Secondary wounding mechanisms may include
Answer
-
bullet
-
gun powder particles
-
pellet
Question 68
Question
Secondary wounding mechanisms may include:
Question 69
Question
Skin surface characteristic of gunshot (bullet) wound is
Answer
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skin defect
-
exit wound
-
entry wound
Question 70
Question
Skin surface characteristic of gunshot (bullet) wounds is
Answer
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abraded margin
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exit wound
-
entry wound
Question 71
Question
Skin surface characteristic of gunshot (bullet) wounds is
Answer
-
grey ring
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exit wound
-
entry wound
Question 72
Question
Skin surface characteristic of gunshot (bullet) wounds is
Answer
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smudging
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exit wound
-
entry wound
Question 73
Question
Skin surface characteristic of gunshot (bullet) wounds is
Answer
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Singeing
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Exit wound
-
Entry wound
Question 74
Question
Skin surface characteristic of gunshot (bullet) wounds is
Answer
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tattooing
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exit wound
-
entry wound
Question 75
Question
Skin surface characteristic of gunshot (bullet) wounds is
Answer
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muzzle impression
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exit wound
-
entry wound
Question 76
Question
Contact range of fire of bullet wound is when
Answer
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the range is within the distance travelled by flame
-
muzzle is in contact with body
-
the range is within the distance travelled by unburnt or burnt gun powder burns
Question 77
Question
Close range of fire of bullet wound is when
Answer
-
the range is within the distance travelled by flame
-
muzzle is in contact with body
-
the range is within the distance travelled by unburnt or burnt gun powder burns
Question 78
Question
Near range of fire of bullet wound is when
Answer
-
the range is within the distance travelled by flame
-
muzzle is in contact with body
-
the range is within the distance travelled by unburnt or burnt gun powder burns
Question 79
Question
Distant range of fire of bullet wound is when
Answer
-
the range is within the distance travelled by flame
-
muzzle is in contact with body
-
the range is beyond the range of flame, smoke and gun powder burns
Question 80
Question
Choose ONE INCORRECT answer
The following terms are often used as synonyms of mechanical asphyxia
Answer
-
suffocation
-
throttling
-
smothering
-
passing out
-
choking
Question 81
Question
Choose ONE INCORRECT answer
The categories of asphyxial death are
Question 82
Question
Choose ONE INCORRECT answer
The classical signs of asphyxia are
Question 83
Question
The scheme shows types of hanging /typical and atypical / on the basis of position of body.
Which type is INCORRECT?
Answer
-
position A is an atypical hanging
-
position A is a typical hanging
-
position C is an atypical hanging
-
position D is an atypical hanging
-
positions E and B are atypical hangings
Question 84
Question
This scheme shows types of hanging /typical and atypical / on the basis of position of knot.
Which type is incorrect:
Answer
-
position A is an atypical hanging
-
position A is a typical hanging
-
position C is an atypical hanging
-
position B is an atypical hanging
Question 85
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
The feature of sexual asphyxia is
Answer
-
this hypoxia is achieved by constriction of the neck by ligature which can be voluntary tightened and loosened
-
the most common feature is a ligature connected to some compression device of the
-
hands and feet which releases the ligature upon relaxing the legs and hands
-
malfunctions in this release lead to accidental ligature death
-
the mechanical fixation of the chest
-
the basic mechanism is the production of cerebral hypoxia
Question 86
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
The feature of traumatic asphyxia is
Answer
-
the presence of the ligature mark
-
eyes and sclera are engorged with blood to a point of obliterating the whites of the eyes
-
signs include face and neck grossly discoloured
-
it shows the most evident signs of classical asphyxia
-
the mechanical fixation of the chest
Question 87
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
The mechanism of Blunt force trauma (BFT) is
Answer
-
a moving object striking the body
-
a moving body striking a fixed object or surface
-
a flow of current which may cause localised burn if resistance is high
Question 88
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
The mechanical force may cause
Answer
-
heat or cold
-
impact
-
traction
Question 89
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
The causes of a bruise - “black eye” are
Question 90
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
Tramline bruising is due to impact with
Answer
-
a stick
-
a truncheon
-
a fist
Question 91
Question
The main medicolegal considerations of a bruise are
Question 92
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
Abrasions have the following characteristics
Answer
-
heal without scarring
-
leave a scar
-
heal by scabbing
Question 93
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
Lacerated wounds have the following characteristics
Question 94
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
The lacerated wound is due to impact with
Answer
-
a stick
-
a truncheon
-
a knife
Question 95
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
Early post-mortem change is
Answer
-
body cooling
-
putrefaction
-
rigor mortis
Question 96
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
Early post-mortem change is
Answer
-
body cooling
-
mummification
-
rigor mortis
Question 97
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
Early post-mortem change is
Answer
-
body cooling
-
adipocere
-
rigor mortis
Question 98
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
Late post-mortem change is
Answer
-
livor mortis
-
putrefaction
-
mummification
Question 99
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
Late post-mortem change is
Answer
-
mummification
-
rigor mortis
-
putrefaction
Question 100
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
Late post-mortem change is
Answer
-
putrefaction
-
body cooling
-
adipocere
Question 101
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
The "Spot of the Larche” is
Question 102
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
The dead body loses its heat by
Answer
-
conduction
-
bleeding
-
convection
Question 103
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
Cooling of the body after death is
Answer
-
an early post-mortem change
-
due to chemical changes in the myoplasm
-
due to the transmission of the heat from warmer body to the cooler environment
Question 104
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
Rigor mortis is
Answer
-
a late post-mortem change
-
due to chemical changes in the myoplasm
-
the stiffening of the muscles
Question 105
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
Livor mortis is
Answer
-
an early post-mortem change
-
due to chemical changes in the myoplasm
-
due to the settling of blood into the lowermost blood vessels under gravity after the circulation ceases
Question 106
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
Livor mortis
Answer
-
may not develop at all if the body is tossed and turned continuously as seen in fast flowing waters of rivers or the sea
-
is a late post-mortem change
-
disperses with the onset of putrefaction
Question 107
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
Putrefaction
Answer
-
is the post-mortem destruction of the soft tissues of the body by the action of bacteria (bacterial action) and endogenous enzymes (autolysis)
-
is a late post-mortem change
-
is due to hydrogenation and hydrolysis of body fat
Question 108
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
Adipocere
Answer
-
is the post-mortem destruction of the soft tissues of the body by the action of bacteria (bacterial action) and endogenous enzymes (autolysis)
-
is a late post-mortem change
-
is due to hydrogenation and hydrolysis of body fat
Question 109
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
Mummification
Answer
-
helps in identification, as the general facial features are preserved
-
usually requires 3 to 6 months
-
is due to hydrogenation and hydrolysis of body fat
Question 110
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
Mummification
Answer
-
helps in recognizing the presence of wounds
-
is an early post-mortem change
-
is due to dehydration and desiccation of the tissues and the organs
Question 111
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
The time since death may be determined by
Question 112
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
An incised wound is
Answer
-
a clean division of the full thickness of skin (or other tissue) under the pressure of a sharp-edged instrument
-
longer than it is deep due to swipe action
-
the injury involving superficial layers of the skin the epidermis or mucus membrane, due to impact against some hard, blunt, & rough object
Question 113
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
The sharp-edged weapon causes cutting or stabbing and may cause
Answer
-
incised wounds
-
stab wounds
-
lacerated wounds
Question 114
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
The characters of incised wounds are
Question 115
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
The forensic aspects of an incised wounds are
Answer
-
incised wounds reflect sharp edge, not weapon type
-
incised wounds may only be assault
-
incised wounds may cause profuse external haemorrhage and air embolism
Question 116
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
Defence wounds result from
Answer
-
the immediate and instinctive reaction of the victims to save themselves by raising the arm to prevent the attack
-
testing of the weapon by attacker
-
the immediate and instinctive reaction of the victims to save themselves by grasping the weapon
Question 117
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
Hesitation wounds
Answer
-
are often on fingers, hands, forearms of victim acquired in attempt to ward off blows or to grab weapon
-
are shallow
-
are made before deeper fatal wounds in a suicide, often parallel or close to fatal wounds
Question 118
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
A chop object is
Question 119
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answers
Penetrating injuries may be caused by
Answer
-
thrusting of sharp and flat instrument
-
thrusting of sharp and thin instrument
-
chopping motion made with a fairly sharp & relatively heavy weapon
Question 120
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
Adequate description of the stab wound may provide vital information about the
Question 121
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
Stab wound length is shorter than blade width as a result of
Answer
-
"rocking" of knife on withdrawal
-
stretching of skin over point on insertion and subsequent recoil on withdrawal
-
tapered blade not fully inserted
Question 122
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
Stab wound length is greater than blade width as a result of
Answer
-
"rocking" of knife on withdrawal
-
blade does not pass straight in and out - entry and withdrawal at angle
-
tapered blade not fully inserted
Question 123
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
Shape of stab wound may indicate
Question 124
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
The characteristics of a contact entry wound are the following
Question 125
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
Close entry wound characteristics are following
Answer
-
the wound appears as a circular hole surrounded by singeing and smudging
-
the imprint of the muzzle of the weapon may be found stamped on the skin
-
abrasion collar, grey ring and tattooing may be present
Question 126
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
Near entry wound characteristics are following
Answer
-
singeing of hair is absent
-
the imprint of the muzzle of the weapon may be found stamped on the skin
-
abrasion collar, grey ring and tattooing are present
Question 127
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
The characteristics of a distant entry wound are the following
Answer
-
skin defect typically with abraded margin
-
the imprint of the muzzle of the weapon may be found stamped on the skin
-
skin defect typically with grey ring
Question 128
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
The differences between entry and exit wounds are the following
Answer
-
edges of the entry wound are inverted, unlike exit wounds
-
tissues of the exit wound are often saturated with carbon monoxide and therefore cherry red in colour unlike entry wounds
-
abrasion collar, grey ring and tattooing of the entry wound may be present unlike exit wounds
Question 129
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
The medicolegal aspects of firearm injuries are
Question 130
Question
Choose one INCORRECT answer
The medicolegal aspects of firearm injuries are