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NMS Set 4 Quiz - The somatic, autonomic and enteric nervous systems.

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Question 1

Question
What is important about the lateral horn in relation to motor function?
Image:
cd2d336d-f7d7-40a5-ad7d-7a9f00dbac29 (image/png)
Answer
  • It is the part of the spinal cord where motor output originates from the autonomic nervous system
  • It carries ascending signals to the brain
  • It is the part of the spinal cord where sensory input travels from the periphery to the motor cortex

Question 2

Question
What is the joining of the sensory and motor fibres called (shown by the green circle)?
Image:
0b7fb16a-1d45-438f-8eab-38843e9a660c (image/png)
Answer
  • Spinal nerve
  • Hybrid nerve
  • Hybrid root
  • Dorsal root ganglion

Question 3

Question
The spinal cord exists between which spinal levels?
Answer
  • C1 to L2
  • C2 to L1
  • C2 to S5
  • C1 to S5

Question 4

Question
How many spinal nerves are there in total?
Answer
  • 31
  • 30
  • 25
  • 60

Question 5

Question
How many cervical spinal nerves are there?
Answer
  • 8
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7

Question 6

Question
How many thoracic spinal nerves are there?
Answer
  • 12
  • 10
  • 14
  • 9

Question 7

Question
How many lumbar spinal nerves are there?
Answer
  • 5
  • 10
  • 12
  • 3

Question 8

Question
How many sacral spinal nerves are there?
Answer
  • 5
  • 4
  • 8
  • 12

Question 9

Question
How many coccygeal spinal nerves are there?
Answer
  • 1
  • 2
  • 5
  • 4

Question 10

Question
The cervical plexus is composed of what spinal nerves?
Answer
  • C1-C5
  • C5-T1
  • L1-L4
  • L4-S4

Question 11

Question
The brachial plexus is composed of what spinal nerves?
Answer
  • C1-C5
  • C5-T1
  • L1-L4
  • L4-S4

Question 12

Question
The lumbar plexus is composed of what spinal nerves?
Answer
  • C1-C5
  • C5-T1
  • L1-L4
  • L4-S4

Question 13

Question
The sacral plexus is composed of what spinal nerves?
Answer
  • C1-C5
  • C5-T1
  • L1-L4
  • L4-S4

Question 14

Question
A dermatome is what?
Answer
  • An area of skin with single spinal nerve innervation
  • An area of muscle with single spinal nerve innervation
  • An area of muscle with dual spinal nerve innervation
  • An area of skin with dual spinal nerve innervation

Question 15

Question
A myotome is what?
Answer
  • An area of skin with single spinal nerve innervation
  • An area of skin with dual spinal nerve innervation
  • An area of muscle with single spinal nerve innervation
  • An area of muscle with dual spinal nerve innervation

Question 16

Question
Chickenpox may reactivate as shingles and effect particular spinal nerves, causing a rash that maps to a particular area of skin that the relevant nerve innervates (dermatome).
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 17

Question
What does the red question mark show?
Image:
515b4c63-2bc2-4b6f-937e-193b7cdde113 (image/png)
Answer
  • Central sulcus
  • Lateral sulcus
  • Occipital sulcus
  • Post-central gyrus

Question 18

Question
What does the purple question mark show?
Image:
59e79d93-adc2-4668-b0e2-c692a4fb1ff9 (image/png)
Answer
  • Central sulcus
  • Lateral sulcus
  • Parieto-occipital sulcus
  • Longitudinal fissure

Question 19

Question
What does the orange question mark show?
Image:
8e583228-ae1d-4e53-900c-edd2b257a1eb (image/png)
Answer
  • Parieto-occipital sulcus
  • Lateral sulcus
  • Posterior sulcus
  • Longitudinal fissure

Question 20

Question
What is the most common neurotransmitter found at post-ganglionic neurones of the sympathetic nervous system?
Answer
  • Noradrenaline
  • Acetylcholine
  • Glutamate
  • Vasopressin

Question 21

Question
What is the most common neurotransmitter found at post-ganglionic neurones of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Answer
  • Glutamate
  • Acetylcholine
  • Noradrenaline
  • Adrenaline

Question 22

Question
Stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract by parasympathetic nerve fibres helps to increase gut motility.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 23

Question
What routes can a pre-ganglionic sympathetic neuron take?
Answer
  • Travel through the white ramus communicans and ascend the sympathetic chain where it will synapse in the sympathetic ganglion at a higher level
  • Travel through the white ramus communicans and descend the sympathetic chain where it will synapse in the sympathetic ganglion at a lower level
  • Travel through the white ramus communicans and synapse in the sympathetic ganglion at the same level
  • Travel through the white ramus communicans and pass through the sympathetic ganglion without synapsing

Question 24

Question
Most organs are dual innervated by both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. They always have antagonistic effects to one another.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 25

Question
In some organs that are innervated exclusively by the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system, how is autonomic activity regulated?
Answer
  • Like a volume control
  • Parasympathetic hormones circulate in the blood to counter sympathetic effects and vice versa

Question 26

Question
What is meant by diffuse neurotransmission? Where does it occur?
Answer
  • Somatic nervous system
  • Autonomic nervous system
  • A single neuron branches into many varicosities which contain neurotransmitter that can be released to co-ordinate widespread effects
  • A single neuron releases neurotransmitter that causes an effect in one particular target

Question 27

Question
Sympathetic activity causes vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle blood vessels.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 28

Question
Post-ganglionic neurons that innervate sweat glands, part of the sympathetic nervous system, release Noradrenaline to stimulate sweat glands.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 29

Question
The SNS and PNS have an antagonistic effect on the same muscle which causes pupillary dilation and constriction respectively.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 30

Question
What receptors does Ach act at?
Answer
  • Muscarinic
  • Nicotinic
  • Adrenergic
  • Monoaminergic

Question 31

Question
What receptor does noradrenaline act at?
Answer
  • Nicotinic
  • Muscarinic
  • Adrenergic
  • Monoaminergic

Question 32

Question
Name the agonists of muscarinic receptors
Answer
  • Pilocarpine
  • Ach
  • Bethanechol
  • Atropine
  • Hyoscine
  • Tropicamide

Question 33

Question
Name the competitive antagonists of muscarinic receptors
Answer
  • Atropine
  • Hyoscine
  • Tropicamide
  • Ach
  • Pilocarpine
  • Bethanechol

Question 34

Question
Name a non-competitive antagonist at nicotinic receptors
Answer
  • Hexamethonium
  • Pilocarpine
  • Atropine
  • Aliskiren

Question 35

Question
Noradrenaline binding at alpha adrenoreceptors causes vasoconstriction.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 36

Question
The heart contains beta 1 adrenoreceptors. What effect does the sympathetic nervous system produce in the heart?
Answer
  • Increased heart rate
  • Increased contractility
  • Decreased heart rate
  • Decreased contractility

Question 37

Question
The lungs contains beta 2 adrenoreceptors. What effect does the sympathetic nervous system produce in the lung?
Answer
  • Bronchodilation
  • Bronchoconstriction

Question 38

Question
Blood vessels may contain beta 2 adrenoreceptors. What effect does the sympathetic nervous system produce in the blood vessels?
Answer
  • Vasodilation
  • Vasoconstriction

Question 39

Question
The bladder contains beta 3 adrenoreceptors. What effect does the sympathetic nervous system produce in the bladder?
Answer
  • Relaxation
  • Contraction

Question 40

Question
What myenteric plexus is found between which two layers of the gastrointestinal tract?
Answer
  • Mucosa
  • Circular muscle
  • Longitudinal muscle

Question 41

Question
What submucosal plexus is found between which two layers of the gastrointestinal tract?
Answer
  • Mucosa
  • Circular muscle
  • Longitudinal muscle

Question 42

Question
The myenteric plexus is the co-ordinator of muscular reflexes such as peristalsis.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 43

Question
What excitatory neurotransmitters help to contract the gut in peristalsis (green question mark)?
Image:
7fac9f0c-a61f-4c44-90a2-37341a706d7c (image/png)
Answer
  • Substance P
  • Ach
  • NO
  • VIP
  • ATP

Question 44

Question
What inhibitory neurotransmitters help to relax the gut in peristalsis (red question mark)?
Image:
a3d6a890-854d-4d1b-996b-e67133697d2f (image/png)
Answer
  • Substance P
  • Ach
  • VIP
  • NO
  • ATP

Question 45

Question
The submucosal plexus co-ordinates secretory enzyme and acid release in response to...
Answer
  • Mechanical distension
  • Chemical detection
  • Pressure detection

Question 46

Question
The CNS can influence the ENS.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 47

Question
The myenteric plexus releases vasoactive substances.
Answer
  • True
  • False
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