Question 1
Question
Patient with 1.8 mmol/l Calcium and 25 g/l albumin
What is the adjusted calcium level:
Question 2
Question
Hypercalcemic crisis occurs above which minimum level of ionised calcium in mmol/L
Question 3
Question
If Calcium is low, with no renal disease, and PTH is also low - what are the most likely possibilities;
Answer
-
Vitamin D deficiency, post-thyroidal surgery
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Idiopathic hyperparathyroidism, pseudohypoparathyroidism
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Magnesium deficiency, post-thyroidal surgery
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Vitamin D deficiency, pseudohypoparathyroidism
-
Vitamin D deficiency, Magnesium deficiency
Question 4
Question
If Calcium is low, with no renal disease, and PTH is high - what are the most likely possibilities
Answer
-
Vitamin D deficiency, post-thyroidal surgery
-
Idiopathic hyperparathyroidism, pseudohypoparathyroidism
-
Magnesium deficiency, post-thyroidal surgery
-
Vitamin D deficiency, pseudohypoparathyroidism
-
Vitamin D deficiency, Magnesium deficiency
Question 5
Question
The most common cause of hypercalcemia is/are;
Answer
-
Hyperparathyroidism and malignancy
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Hyperparathyroidism and renal disease
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Inappropriate dosage of vitamin D
-
Calcium therapy
-
Granulomatous disease
Question 6
Question
Which of the following actions are parathyroid hormone occurs via vitamin eD3?
Answer
-
Bone resorption of Ca
-
Bone mineralisation of Ca
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Increased Intestinal absorption of Ca
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Increased renal reabsorption of Ca
-
Decreased renal reabsorption of Ca
Question 7
Question
Patient with 2.5 mmol/l Calcium and 30 g/l albumin
What is the adjusted calcium level:
Question 8
Question
Lowest Value for hypercalcemic crisis (physiological adult)
Question 9
Question
Which of the following is NOT correct:
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism occurs because:
Answer
-
The parathyroids become unresponsive to calcium levels
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Renal disease for long periods with low calcium leads to lack of parathyroid response to calcium levels
-
parathyroid glands which are continually secreting PTH for a long period of time eventually do not respond to negative feedback from calcium
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Peripheral tissues which are continually subjected to high concentrations of PTH eventually do not respond to PTH
-
The parathyroid glands become autonomic
Question 10
Question
Signs and symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome includ
Answer
-
Obesity, hypertension, glucose intolerance, menstrual dysfunction, acne
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Anorexia, hypotension, glucose intolerance, menstrual dysfunction, acne
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Obesity, hypotension, lactose intolerance, menstrual dysfunction, acne
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Anorexia, hypertension, glucose intolerance, menstrual dysfunction, acne
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Obesity, hypertension, lactose intolerance, menstrual dysfunction, acne
Question 11
Question
What is the most common cause of high Ca in hospital settings:
Question 12
Question
AMount of Ca in ECF excluding bones
(mmol/l)
Question 13
Question
Ca excretion in Urine (mmol/l)
Question 14
Question
When PTH is undetected or low, what is the cause of hypocalcemia?
Question 15
Question
1,25-dihydrocholecaliferol is synthesized in the:
Question 16
Question
A hypocalcemic patient has very low or undetectable PTH. The most likely cause is:
Answer
-
Acute pancreatitis, sarcoidosis
-
Vitamin D deficiency
-
Parathyroid adenoma, pseudohypoparathyroidism
-
Complication of thyroid surgery, Mg deficiency
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Parathyroid hyperplasia, Mg deficiency
Question 17
Question
Etiology of hypocalcemia
Answer
-
Elevated PTH, Thiazide diuretics, Vitamin D deficiency, Malabsorption syndromes, Liver failure, Renal failure
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Thiazide diuretics, Impaired absorption of calcium, Vitamin D deficiency, Malabsorption syndromes, Liver failure, Renal failure
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Poor dietary intake of calcium, Paget’s disease of bone, Vitamin D deficiency, Malabsorption syndromes, Liver failure, Renal failure
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Poor dietary intake of calcium, Impaired absorption of calcium, Vitamin D deficiency,
Malabsorption syndromes, Liver failure, Renal failure