Multi-Store Model of Memory

Who created the multi-store model of memory?

The MSM is a structural model

Label the components of the MSM

Sensory Register • Duration: [blank_start]few milliseconds[blank_end] • Capacity: [blank_start]very large[blank_end] • Encoding: [blank_start]either echoic or iconic[blank_end]

Sensory memory is the information you get from the [blank_start]environment[blank_end] through your [blank_start]senses[blank_end]. Information is then passed to the [blank_start]short term memory[blank_end] through the process of [blank_start]attention[blank_end]. Any information that isnt payed attention to is [blank_start]lost to decay[blank_end].

Short Term Memory: • Duration: [blank_start]up to 30 seconds[blank_end] • Capacity: [blank_start]7 +/- 2 items[blank_end] • Encoding: [blank_start]mainly acoustic[blank_end]

Peterson and Peterson- investigated the [blank_start]duration[blank_end] of [blank_start]short-term memory[blank_end], using a [blank_start]lab experiment[blank_end] in which participants had to recall [blank_start]consonant trigrams[blank_end] e.g. TGH. To prevent rehearsal participants were given an [blank_start]interference task[blank_end] e.g. counting backwards in threes from a specified random number . Participants were asked to recall trigrams after intervals of [blank_start]3, 6, 9, 12, 15 or 18[blank_end] seconds. They found the longer the interval delay the [blank_start]less trigrams[blank_end] were recalled. Participants were able to recall [blank_start]80%[blank_end] of trigrams after a 3 seconds delay. However, after 18 seconds [blank_start]less than 10%[blank_end] of trigrams were recalled correctly. this supports that the short-term memory has a limited duration when rehearsal is prevented.

Miller suggested that most people store about [blank_start]seven[blank_end] items in their [blank_start]short term memory[blank_end] e.g. numbers, letters or words he argued that the [blank_start]capacity[blank_end] of the short term memory could be enlarged by grouping items together into meaningful 'chunks' and called this process '[blank_start]chunking[blank_end]'. Miller therefore suggested that about [blank_start]7+/- 2 items[blank_end] can be stored in the STM depending on chunking>

Suggested that encoding in the STM is [blank_start]acoustic[blank_end]. As he found ppt's recalled [blank_start]less[blank_end] when the letters they had to recall were [blank_start]acoustically similar[blank_end] than if they were [blank_start]acoustically dissimilar[blank_end].

Long Term Memory: • Duration: [blank_start]Unlimited[blank_end] • Capacity: [blank_start]Unlimited[blank_end] • Encoding: [blank_start]Mainly semantic[blank_end]