L12 Unique plant structures: vacuoles and plastids
Description
• Describe the structure and functions of the vacuole.
• Describe the structure and function of the chloroplasts.
• Summarise plastid development and functions.
• Outline how cellular functions are partitioned within the cell, using the chloroplast as an
example.
The membrane of the vacuole is called the [blank_start]tonoplast[blank_end]. A young plant cell will have many [blank_start]small[blank_end] vacuoles, while a mature plant cell will typically have [blank_start]one[blank_end] big vacuole.
Answer
tonoplast
small
one
Question 2
Question
Choose the correct statements about vacuoles.
Answer
They are produced by the Golgi and associated endoplasmic reticulum.
They regulate cell turgor.
They store ribosomes for protein synthesis.
They store primary and secondary metabolites.
They contain hydrolytic digestive enzymes.
Question 3
Question
Secondary metabolites are growth associated.
Answer
True
False
Question 4
Question
Which of these is not a primary metabolite?
Answer
Inorganic ions
Organic acids
Sugars
Lipids
Amino acids
Proteins
All of these are primary metabolites.
Question 5
Question
Choose the incorrect statement about secondary metabolites.
Answer
Latex is a secondary metabolite used to deter insects.
Secondary metabolites can be for defense or for signalling.
Raphides (crystallised calcium oxalate) are a secondary metabolite used to deter larvae.
Aloe contains latex in vacuoles.
None of these are incorrect.
Vincristine and vinblastine are secondary metabolites used to attract pollinators.
Anthocyanin is a secondary metabolite which is a pigment.
Question 6
Question
The vacuole can degrade macromolecules and organelles in a process very similar to the lysosomes found in plant cells.
Answer
True
False
Question 7
Question
High concentrations of solutes in the vacuole give it a [blank_start]positive[blank_end] osmotic potential. This results in water [blank_start]uptake[blank_end] via osmosis as water moves freely through the tonoplast. The cell wall enables water uptake without [blank_start]bursting[blank_end], creating turgor pressure. [blank_start]Loss[blank_end] of turgor pressure results in wilting but will generally not damage the plant in the long term.
Answer
positive
negative
uptake
loss
bursting
loss of rigidity
Loss
Gain
Question 8
Question
Chloroplast DNA (ctDNA) is linear.
Answer
True
False
Question 9
Question
Match the plastids to their function:
[blank_start]Chloroplasts[blank_end] carry out photosynthesis.
[blank_start]Chromoplasts[blank_end] manufacture and store pigments.
[blank_start]Leucoplasts[blank_end] store starch/assimilates.
[blank_start]Proplastids[blank_end] can differentiate into other plastids.
Answer
Chloroplasts
Chromoplasts
Leucoplasts
Proplastids
Question 10
Question
Light reactions take place in the stroma. Dark reactions/the Calvin Cycle take place in the thylakoids/Granum.
Answer
True
False
Question 11
Question
The oxygen released from photosynthesis comes from CO2 in the Calvin cycle.