Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Glucose is a 6-Carbon ring that’s metabolisable as a “D-isomer”. It’s C6-H[x]-O[y]?
Respuesta
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X = 12; Y = 6
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X = 6; Y = 6
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X = 6; Y = 12
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X = 12; Y = 12
Pregunta 2
Respuesta
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Monosaccharide
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Polysaccharide
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Monoglyceride
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Polyglyceride
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Glucose is consumed as starch and glycogen and broken down to glucose by [blank_start]__________[blank_end] [blank_start]__________[blank_end] [blank_start]__________[blank_end] for transport across the enterocytes.
Respuesta
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Exocrine
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Endocrine
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Autocrine
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Paracrine
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Pancreatic
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Hepatic
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Leukocytic
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Lymphatic
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Glycosidases
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Glycocytes
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Glycosides
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Glycogenases
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
How much of the postprandial glucose disposal is accounted for by skeletal muscle glucose uptake? (in humans)
Respuesta
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~70-80%
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~20-30%
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~50-70%
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~30-50%
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~80-90%
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~10-20%
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Triglycerides (/“Triacylglycerols”) are complex lipids that are 3 Fatty Acids attached to a [blank_start]_______[blank_end] backbone.
Respuesta
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3 Carbon Glycerol
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3 Carbon Glycogen
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5 Carbon Glycerol
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5 Carbon Glycogen
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Free Fatty Acids (“NEFA”: Non-Esterified Fatty Acids) are released from [blank_start]__________[blank_end] and circulate bound to [blank_start]__________[blank_end].
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Triglycerides (/TriAcylGlycerols/TAGs) circulate in lipoproteins secreted from the Liver or Gut. Which type of lipoprotein is secreted from each of the two?
Liver: [blank_start]__________[blank_end]
Gut: [blank_start]__________[blank_end]
Respuesta
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VLDL
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LDL
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HDL
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Chylomicron
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Chylomicron
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VLDL
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LDL
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HDL
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
ADIPOSE-DERIVED Fatty Acids are taken up by which tissues?
Respuesta
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Liver
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Gut
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Muscle
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Liver and Gut
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Liver and Muscle
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Gut and Muscle
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All of the above
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None of the above
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ALL tissues
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Once dietary TriAcylGlycerols have been hydrolysed and transported across the enterocytes, they’re then esterified back into TriAcylGlycerols and packaged into:
Respuesta
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Chylomicrons
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VLDLs
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LDLs
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HDLs
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Once adipose-derived Fatty Acids are taken up by the liver, they’re esterified into TriAcylGlycerols and packaged into:
Respuesta
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Chylomicrons
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VLDLs
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LDLs
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HDLs
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Chylomicron-TG is metabolised at the tissue level by [blank_start]__________[blank_end], which hydrolyses CM-TG to release FA for tissue uptake.
Respuesta
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LipoProtein Lipase (LPL)
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Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDLs)
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High-Density Lipoproteins (HDLs)
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Very Low-Density Lipoproteins (VLDLs)
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
After hydrolysis of the Chylomicron-TG, the particle becomes smaller, forming CM-remnant.
This remnant particle is taken up by the [blank_start]__________[blank_end] and the TG remaining in the particle can be repackaged into a [blank_start]__________[blank_end], thereby recycling the dietary FA.
Respuesta
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Liver
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Gut
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Muscle
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VLDL
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HDL
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LDL
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LPL
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VLPL
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Chylomicron
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Label all those bits.
Respuesta
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Chylomicron
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LDL
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VLDL
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LPL
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HDL
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VLPL
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LPL
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VLPL
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LDL
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VLDL
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HDL
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Chylomicron
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Chylomicron remnant
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VLDL remnant
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LDL remnant
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HDL remnant
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VLPL remnant
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LPL remnant
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VLDL
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LDL
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LPL
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VLPL
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HDL
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Chylomicron
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Liver
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Adipose
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Muscle
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Adipose
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Liver
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Muscle
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Muscle
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Adipose
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Liver
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Which two mostly carry TAGs (/TAs/TriAcylGlycerols/TriGlycerides)?
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Which two carry mostly* Cholesterol?
(not actually mostly, but more than TAGs)
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Glucose uptake is limited by GLUT levels at the plasma membrane… …but can be overcome by an increase in levels of what?
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
The rate of fatty acid oxidation is controlled by the rate of FA entry into the mitochondria – this step is catalysed by what? (the activity of which is regulated by malonyl-CoA through ALLOSTERIC REGULATION)
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
The modification of proteins is a highly conserved process that regulates protein/enzyme activity. A diverse range of PTMs include:
[blank_start]__________[blank_end]: Addition of a phosphate (from ATP or similar triphosphates)
[blank_start]__________[blank_end]: Addition of acetate from acetyl-CoA
[blank_start]__________[blank_end]: Addition of a glucose molecule
[blank_start]__________[blank_end]: Include myristolyation (C14), palmitolyation (C16)
Respuesta
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Phosphorylation
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Acetylation
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Glycosylation
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Lipidation
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Can Phosphorylation activate or inactivate an enzyme?
Respuesta
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Activate
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Inactivate
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Neither
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Either
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
True or false: The synthesis of new protein is another point of regulation. An example of this is Gluconeogenesis.