PHSI3011 10-1 Complex Systemic Homeoastasis

Descripción

PHSI3011 10-1 Complex Systemic Homeoastasis
Michael Jardine
Test por Michael Jardine, actualizado hace más de 1 año
Michael Jardine
Creado por Michael Jardine hace alrededor de 7 años
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
Glucose is a 6-Carbon ring that’s metabolisable as a “D-isomer”. It’s C6-H[x]-O[y]?
Respuesta
  • X = 12; Y = 6
  • X = 6; Y = 6
  • X = 6; Y = 12
  • X = 12; Y = 12

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
Glucose is a:
Respuesta
  • Monosaccharide
  • Polysaccharide
  • Monoglyceride
  • Polyglyceride

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
Glucose is consumed as starch and glycogen and broken down to glucose by [blank_start]__________[blank_end] [blank_start]__________[blank_end] [blank_start]__________[blank_end] for transport across the enterocytes.
Respuesta
  • Exocrine
  • Endocrine
  • Autocrine
  • Paracrine
  • Pancreatic
  • Hepatic
  • Leukocytic
  • Lymphatic
  • Glycosidases
  • Glycocytes
  • Glycosides
  • Glycogenases

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
How much of the postprandial glucose disposal is accounted for by skeletal muscle glucose uptake? (in humans)
Respuesta
  • ~70-80%
  • ~20-30%
  • ~50-70%
  • ~30-50%
  • ~80-90%
  • ~10-20%

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
Triglycerides (/“Triacylglycerols”) are complex lipids that are 3 Fatty Acids attached to a [blank_start]_______[blank_end] backbone.
Respuesta
  • 3 Carbon Glycerol
  • 3 Carbon Glycogen
  • 5 Carbon Glycerol
  • 5 Carbon Glycogen

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
Free Fatty Acids (“NEFA”: Non-Esterified Fatty Acids) are released from [blank_start]__________[blank_end] and circulate bound to [blank_start]__________[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • Adipocytes
  • Albumin

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
Triglycerides (/TriAcylGlycerols/TAGs) circulate in lipoproteins secreted from the Liver or Gut. Which type of lipoprotein is secreted from each of the two? Liver: [blank_start]__________[blank_end] Gut: [blank_start]__________[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • VLDL
  • LDL
  • HDL
  • Chylomicron
  • Chylomicron
  • VLDL
  • LDL
  • HDL

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
ADIPOSE-DERIVED Fatty Acids are taken up by which tissues?
Respuesta
  • Liver
  • Gut
  • Muscle
  • Liver and Gut
  • Liver and Muscle
  • Gut and Muscle
  • All of the above
  • None of the above
  • ALL tissues

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
Once dietary TriAcylGlycerols have been hydrolysed and transported across the enterocytes, they’re then esterified back into TriAcylGlycerols and packaged into:
Respuesta
  • Chylomicrons
  • VLDLs
  • LDLs
  • HDLs

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
Once adipose-derived Fatty Acids are taken up by the liver, they’re esterified into TriAcylGlycerols and packaged into:
Respuesta
  • Chylomicrons
  • VLDLs
  • LDLs
  • HDLs

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
Chylomicron-TG is metabolised at the tissue level by [blank_start]__________[blank_end], which hydrolyses CM-TG to release FA for tissue uptake.
Respuesta
  • LipoProtein Lipase (LPL)
  • Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDLs)
  • High-Density Lipoproteins (HDLs)
  • Very Low-Density Lipoproteins (VLDLs)

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
After hydrolysis of the Chylomicron-TG, the particle becomes smaller, forming CM-remnant. This remnant particle is taken up by the [blank_start]__________[blank_end] and the TG remaining in the particle can be repackaged into a [blank_start]__________[blank_end], thereby recycling the dietary FA.
Respuesta
  • Liver
  • Gut
  • Muscle
  • VLDL
  • HDL
  • LDL
  • LPL
  • VLPL
  • Chylomicron

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
Label all those bits.
Respuesta
  • Chylomicron
  • LDL
  • VLDL
  • LPL
  • HDL
  • VLPL
  • LPL
  • VLPL
  • LDL
  • VLDL
  • HDL
  • Chylomicron
  • Chylomicron remnant
  • VLDL remnant
  • LDL remnant
  • HDL remnant
  • VLPL remnant
  • LPL remnant
  • VLDL
  • LDL
  • LPL
  • VLPL
  • HDL
  • Chylomicron
  • Liver
  • Adipose
  • Muscle
  • Adipose
  • Liver
  • Muscle
  • Muscle
  • Adipose
  • Liver

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
Which two mostly carry TAGs (/TAs/TriAcylGlycerols/TriGlycerides)?
Respuesta
  • Chylomicron
  • VLDL
  • LDL
  • HDL

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
Which two carry mostly* Cholesterol? (not actually mostly, but more than TAGs)
Respuesta
  • LDL
  • HDL
  • VLDL
  • Chylomicron

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
Glucose uptake is limited by GLUT levels at the plasma membrane… …but can be overcome by an increase in levels of what?
Respuesta
  • HK2
  • HK1
  • SA1
  • SA2

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
The rate of fatty acid oxidation is controlled by the rate of FA entry into the mitochondria – this step is catalysed by what? (the activity of which is regulated by malonyl-CoA through ALLOSTERIC REGULATION)
Respuesta
  • CPT1
  • CPT2
  • HK1
  • HK2

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
The modification of proteins is a highly conserved process that regulates protein/enzyme activity. A diverse range of PTMs include: [blank_start]__________[blank_end]: Addition of a phosphate (from ATP or similar triphosphates) [blank_start]__________[blank_end]: Addition of acetate from acetyl-CoA [blank_start]__________[blank_end]: Addition of a glucose molecule [blank_start]__________[blank_end]: Include myristolyation (C14), palmitolyation (C16)
Respuesta
  • Phosphorylation
  • Acetylation
  • Glycosylation
  • Lipidation

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
Can Phosphorylation activate or inactivate an enzyme?
Respuesta
  • Activate
  • Inactivate
  • Neither
  • Either

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
True or false: The synthesis of new protein is another point of regulation. An example of this is Gluconeogenesis.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False
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