11323130
Descripción
Test por Michael Jardine, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Michael Jardine
hace alrededor de 7 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
What’s the major factor that drives breathing?
Respuesta
-
Blood CO2 level
-
Blood H+ level
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Blood O2 level
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Pacemaker-like cells
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Blood pH
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Vagal stimulation
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Vagal inhibition
Pregunta 2
Respuesta
-
Phrenic
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Vagal
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Inspiration
-
Expiration
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
The rate and depth of respiration are regulated by:
1 – Inputs to the respiratory centre signalling the Pco2, pH, AND Po2 of the [blank_start]__________[blank_end] blood;
2 – Afferent (sensory) inputs from receptors in the [blank_start]__________[blank_end];
3 – Inputs arising from higher centres of the brain, such as the motor cortex.
Respuesta
-
Arterial
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Venous
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Lungs
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Kidney
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
What's this bit?
(responsible for responding to CO2)
Respuesta
-
RetroTrapezoid Nucleus (RTN)
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RetroTrapezoid Fibrillary Medulla (RTFM)
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
DRG = ??
Respuesta
-
Dorsal Root Ganglion
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Dorsal Respiratory Group
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“Dickheads are Racists” Group
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
VRG = ??
Respuesta
-
Ventral Root Ganglion
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Ventral Respiratory Group
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“Vickheads are Racists” Group
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
DRG neurons consist [blank_start]__________[blank_end], whereas VRG neurons consist of [blank_start]__________[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
Mainly of inspiratory neurons
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Mainly of expiratory neurons
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Both inspiratory and expiratory neurons
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Neurons in the pontine “[blank_start]__________[blank_end] centre” [blank_start]__________[blank_end] inspiratory neurons, thus LIMITING inspiration.
Respuesta
-
Pneumotaxic
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Apneustic
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Inhibit
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Excite
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Neurons in the pontine “[blank_start]__________[blank_end] centre” [blank_start]__________[blank_end] inspiratory neurons, thus PROMOTING inspiration.
Respuesta
-
Pneumotaxic
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Apneustic
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Inhibit
-
Excite
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
[blank_start]__________[blank_end] is usually a passive process.
Respuesta
-
Inspiration
-
Expiration
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Mutations for the Phox2b transcription factor result in Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS) which causes an almost complete loss of respiratory response to what?
Respuesta
-
Increased CO2
-
Exercise
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Arousal
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
True or false: Phox2b is expressed in the cerebellum.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
True or false: Phox2b is not expressed in neurons above the pons.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
RTN = ??
Respuesta
-
RetroTrapezoid Nucleus
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Rostral Trapezoid Nucleus
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RetroTrapezoid Nerves
-
Rostral Trapezoid Nerves
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Which of the following is known as the “Hering-Breuer reflex”?
Respuesta
-
Pulmonary stretch receptors are excited as the lungs inflate > nerve impulses to the respiratory centre in brainstem via nerve fibres in the VAGUS nerve > inhibition of inspiration
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Pulmonary stretch receptors are excited as the lungs inflate > nerve impulses to the respiratory centre in brainstem via nerve fibres in the PHRENIC nerve > inhibition of inspiration
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Increase of CO2 is sensed by the central chemoreceptors > excitation of inspiration stimulus by the VAGUS nerve
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Increase of CO2 is sensed by the central chemoreceptors > excitation of inspiration stimulus by the PHRENIC nerve
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Central vs Peripheral chemoreceptors. The Central chemoreceptors reside in the [blank_start]__________[blank_end], whereas the Peripheral chemoreceptors reside in the [blank_start]__________[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
RTN
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Carotid body
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Central vs Peripheral chemoreceptors. The Central chemoreceptors detect [blank_start]__________[blank_end], whereas the Peripheral chemoreceptors detect [blank_start]__________[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
HIGH CO2
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LOW C02
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HIGH O2
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LOW O2
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Upon submersion (or irritation stimulus), the nasopharyngeal reflex (aka “diving reflex”) triggers a(n) [blank_start]__________[blank_end] of Sympathetic vasomotor activity, which results in [blank_start]__________[blank_end] TPR. It also triggers a(n) [blank_start]__________[blank_end] in Cardiac vagal activity, which results in a decreased HR and decreased CO. The net effect of this is [blank_start]__________[blank_end] Oxygen conservation.
Respuesta
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Increase
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Decrease
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Increased
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Decreased
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Increase
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Decrease
-
Increased
-
Decreased
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Diving results in:
Respuesta
-
Bradycardia
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Tachycardia
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