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Test por Jace Riley, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Jace Riley
hace alrededor de 10 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Hobbes - The Second law of nature requires that
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Natural inequalities among men be preserved by class distinctions
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All men give up the same rights as all others
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Slavery be forced upon those who violate the other laws
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An arbiter not be biased
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
According to Hobbes the main difference between a belief in one God as opposed to many gods is that
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The belief in one God comes from a scientific search for a First Cause, while belief in many gods comes from fear of the future.
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Only a belief in many gods is based on truth and not an attempt to control others
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The belief in many gods comes from a scientific search for a First Cause, while belief in God comes from fear of the future
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Only a belief in God claims any supernatural or divine involvement with humans
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
According to Hobbes, the origin of religion is
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Simple manipulation by tricky people
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God simply gave men religion as a gift
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Anxiety of things to come and a desire to protect oneself from bad things happening
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Recognition of seasonal changes without a good explanation for why it happens
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
According to Hobbes, liberty is
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Absence of opposition
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only available in the Commonwealth
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available to all subjects
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for weaklings
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
According to Hobbes, a Free-Man is
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one that is not hindered from doing what he wills and has the strength and wit to do
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a subject of the true and living king
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one that has escaped the state of nature
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one that has escaped from slavery
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Hobbes argues that liberty and necessity can function at the same time
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- True
- False
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Hobbes argues that the commonwealth
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must limit the power of the sovereign
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should always be governed by majority rule
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is one artificial person
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must encourage diversity
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
According to Hobbes, the sovereign can command the death of a subject, but not that the subject yield his right of self preservation
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
According to Hobbes, covenants without sufficient force to support them are useless
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- True
- False
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
The different types of commonwealth by institution include all of the following except,
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monarchy
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aristocracy
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anarchy
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democracy
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
According to Hobbes, the power of the sovereign is different depending on whether he acquired power through acquisition or institution
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
According to Hobbes no one has the right to criticize the actions of a sovereign, since each subject is the author of those actions
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- True
- False
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
According to Hobbes, the sovereign should be under the contract, and therefore may be removed easily from power
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
According to Hobbes, property exists in the state of nature
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- True
- False
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
The right of nature
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Allows all men liberty to use his own power as he will, and to protect his life and the means of improving his life
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Prevents men from being happy
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prevents any man from harming another
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allows all men privacy
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Hobbes - Command and council differ
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counsel is offered with the interests of the hearer in mind
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counsel is offered by one with authority
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counsel is offered with the interests of the speaker in mind
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counsel must be obeyed
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
According to Hobbes, the sovereign can legitimately command someone to commit suicide
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- True
- False
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Groups formed by the authority of the sovereign are known as
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Political bodies
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writts
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private parties
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limited systems
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
According to Hobbes, it is better to have counselors meet all together than to hear their counsel individually
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
According to Hobbes, every crime is a sin, but not every sin is a crime
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- True
- False
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
According to Hobbes, fear is most likely to deter someone from committing a crime, but people may also commit crimes due to fear
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- True
- False
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
According to Hobbes, it is sometimes acceptable to protest the decrees of political bodies, but not the decrees of the sovereign
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- True
- False
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
According to Hobbes, property
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is a creation of the commonwealth and determined by the sovereign
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exists in the state of nature
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should always be determined by force
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is an innate and inalienable right
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Hobbes argues that political factions are necessary for a good government
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- True
- False
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Hobbes refers to commerce as
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Circulation
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theft
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sinews
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nutrition
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Who, according to Locke, has the right of reparation
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the victim of the transgression
-
the sovereign
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everyone
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no one
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the transgressor
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Locke argues that, in the state of nature, all have the right to punish someone who transgresses natural law
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
According to Locke, slavery is justified in the state of war
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- True
- False
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
According to Locke, there are no covenants outside the commonwealth
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
What is the limit on the natural right to property, according to Locke?
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The sovereign's will
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you cannot justly let things spoil in your possession
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all private property is theft, all things should stay in common
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there is no limit
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Locke argues we may never lawfully harm another person
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- True
- False
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Locke says that humans are all equal because
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We all can kill each other
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we all think we are smarter than everyone else
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we are all unworthy of God's love
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We are all creations and servants of God
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
According to Locke, natural law is derived from
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hatred
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physics
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pythagorean theorem
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reason
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Locke argues that all private property can be traced to the inheritance of the oldest sons of Adam down to the present day
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- True
- False
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Locke argues that liberty is equal to license, that is not being bound by any law
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Which is the determining rule in a commonwealth, according to Locke
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The philosopher king knows best
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majority rule
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patriarchy: father knows best
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might makes right
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
What is not needed i na commonwealth according to Locke?
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A sovereign with arbitrary power over all property on a given territory
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an established, disinterested (that is, not having a material stake in the outcome of controversy) judicature
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an agreement of all members to give up their natural executive power to the sovereign, except for the immediate self-preservation
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a known (published) law
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
According to Locke, the first society was
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church
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master-servant, emerging from the state of war
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commonwealth
-
family
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
The main difference between Hobbes' social contract and Locke's social contract is that
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Hobbes' contract includes all members, including the sovereign
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Locke's contract includes all members, including the sovereign
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Locke's contract requires all men to allow the commonwealth to employ their individual force, while Hobbes' doesnt
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Hobbes' contract requires all men to allow the commonwealth to employ their individual force, while Locke's doesnt
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
According to Locke, which is not part of freedom
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liberty of every one to do whatever he feels like
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not being subject to the arbitrary will of another
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use of reason
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responsibility to act under the law
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
According to Locke, the power parents have over children
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is the same as political power
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arises from their duty to teach them reason
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is vested only in the father, thus it is paternal power
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lasts all their lives
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
According to Locke, the requirement to join a particular commonwealth is most closely linked to
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paternal power: a child must remain in the same commonwealth as the father
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the land the person claims as his own
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the mother's membership
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there are no such requirements: anyone can live anywhere and belong to any commonwealth
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
According to Locke, who is not part of civil society
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slaves
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wives
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servants
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children
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
According to Locke, the basic requirement for the exercise of freedom is
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reason
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caprice
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cowardice
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rebellion
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
Paternal power
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gives the father absolute, arbitrary control over the child
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is granted for life to him who begat the child
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is granted for as long as the child is in his care, until the child reaches the ability to reason
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can never be held by a woman
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Unlike Hobbes, Locke argues that a promise made under threat of violence is not binding
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Locke alls the power to engage the forces of one commonwealth in relation with another, for example entering alliances
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-
permissive power
-
executive power
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federative power
-
judicial power
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
The exercise of power which another has a right to is
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-
democracy
-
aristocracy
-
monarchy
-
usurpation
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
"Power in the hands of the prince to provide for the public good in such cases which, depending upon unforeseen and uncertain occurrences, certain and unalterable laws could not safely direct" is called
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-
Salus Populi
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Prerogative
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Tyranny
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Common law
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
According to Locke, the supreme form of political power is
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-
judicial
-
executive
-
legislative
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permissive
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
Rousseau argues that human nature can change depending on the conditions he is in
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
Rousseau's "noble savage" in the state of nature lives for the benefit of his family
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
According to Rousseau, the idea that leads men into civil society is
Respuesta
-
property
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danger from outsiders
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self-defense
-
family
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
According to Rousseau, the first type of society for humans was the
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-
religious community
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master-slave relationship
-
polis
-
family
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
One of the key traits that keep humans in the state of nature from harming each other, according to Rousseau, is
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diffidence
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pity
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reason
-
competition
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
The goal that led to much corruption with the early groups of people was
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-
love
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acceptance
-
pity
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public esteem
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
The two arts that produced a huge revolution in early societies were
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writing and linguistics
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science and painting
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agriculture and metallurgy
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religion and dance
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
Who benefitted most from the institution of the first social contracts?
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-
the rich
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the poor
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the intelligent
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the weak
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
What is the nature of Rousseau's social contract as sketched in the Discourse
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All agree to form a monarchy, but bind the sovereign power
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the sovereign simply conquers the subjects, and agrees not to kill them as long as they are obedient
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all but the sovereign (or Magistrate) agree to give rights to the sovereign, but the sovereign does not enter into the agreement
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the populace agrees to obey, while the magistrate agrees to use his/their powers only in accordance with the intention of the constituenths
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
What is the basis for inequality, according to Rousseau
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-
natural differences in intelligence
-
natural differences in physical attributes
-
property
-
luck
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
Rousseau argues that no man justly can give up liberty
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
Rousseau argues that the right of war does not justify slavery
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
Rousseau argues that social order is the basis of all other rights
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
According to Rousseau, the only natural society is the
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-
city
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commonwealth
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family
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state
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
According to Rousseau, the best legislator would be someone outside the commonwealth, although the laws would still have to be accepted by the sovereign
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
Rousseau argues that the notion of "might makes right" legitimizes rebellion
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
According to Rousseau, competition among factions is good for the society, as it creates political liberalism
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
Like Hobbes, Rousseau argues that all individuals give all their rights to the sovereign, who is not under any obligations because he/they does/do not enter into the contract
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- True
- False
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
Rousseau argues that all citizens on an enemy state legitimately can be killed at any time
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
Rousseau argues that Hobbes' view of politics reduces men to so many herds of cattle to be devoured by the leader
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
Rousseau argues that the larger the state, the less liberty individuals have
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
The most vigorous government, according to Rousseau, is
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-
democracy
-
oligarchy
-
monarchy
-
aristocracy
Pregunta 73
Pregunta
Rousseau argues that democracy is always the best form of government
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 74
Pregunta
Rousseau indicates that the government will never act in opposition to the sovereign
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 75
Pregunta
Rousseau states that elective aristocracies are better than hereditary aristocracies
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 76
Pregunta
According to Rousseau the mark of a good government is that
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it has many artists
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it has peace
-
its citizens increase and multiply
-
it conquers its neighbors
Pregunta 77
Pregunta
The three wills that compete for a magistrate's acceptance include the following except
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general will of the individual
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collective will of the magistrates
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private will of the individual
-
general will of the sovereign
Pregunta 78
Pregunta
Rousseau argues that __________________ is the best form of government for very large states
Respuesta
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Tyranny
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Democracy
-
Aristocracy
-
monarchy
Pregunta 79
Pregunta
Which term encompasses all others, for Rousseau?
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Governor
-
Magistrate
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King
-
Prince
Pregunta 80
Pregunta
Rousseau argues that the sovereign must have regular, scheduled meetings in which it reexamines its commitment of the executive power to a particular form of government and to the particular members of the government
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 81
Pregunta
Which was not a requirement mentioned by Rousseau for the legitimate assembly of comitia?
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-
the assembly had to be held on a day permitted by law
-
the magistrate calling the assembly had to have the proper authority
-
the auguries had to be favorable
-
the agenda had to be published beforehand
Pregunta 82
Pregunta
When voting on issues, which question does Rousseau want citizens to answer
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Is the proposal advantageous to me?
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Is this proposal harmful to our enemies
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Is this proposal advantageous to the majority of citizens
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Is this proposal advantageous to the state
Pregunta 83
Pregunta
When the general will is strongest, the commonwealth needs few laws
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 84
Pregunta
Rousseau argued that the general will is harmed by factions
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 85
Pregunta
The two considerations for determining how much of a majority is needed to pass
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-
number of citizens and geographic size of the state
-
importance of the issue and need for a speedy decision
-
none: it always requires just over 50% of votes cast
-
The right to speak on the issue and the number of citizens
Pregunta 86
Pregunta
Rousseau opposes all censorship
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 87
Pregunta
Rousseau argued that all laws need to be passed by unanimous consent
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 88
Pregunta
Rousseau argued that once the commonwealth is established, residence is typically understood as consent to the social contract
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 89
Pregunta
According to Rousseau, dictators should occasionally be elected, but only for very brief terms
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 90
Pregunta
According to Rousseau, selection of government official in a democracy is best done by
Respuesta
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Examination
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Trial by fire
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Lot
-
Election
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