Healing in specalised tissues

Granulation tissue appearance includes [blank_start]capillary sprouts[blank_end] from venular endothelium --> perpendicular to the wound surface, leaky ([blank_start]oedema[blank_end], [blank_start]exudate[blank_end] (protein rich). --> [blank_start]Fibroblasts[blank_end] growing in from sides and base of wound: makes collagen type 3 then 1, change phenotye to [blank_start]myofibroblast[blank_end] ( wound [blank_start]contraction[blank_end] ), hyaluronic acid and sulfated proteoglycans made.

Bone fracture is a bone lesion which leads to bone discontinuity

Bone repair depends on; Type of [blank_start]break[blank_end] - Result of strength & direction of applied force --> [blank_start]axial[blank_end] force (compressional fracture), Torsion force ([blank_start]spiral[blank_end] fracture), Combined [blank_start]torsion[blank_end] and compressional force leads to an [blank_start]angel[blank_end] and displaced fracture Adjacent tissue damage effects [blank_start]rate[blank_end] of repair. (e.g muscles)

which one of these are bone repair host factors?

healing of bone is triphasic

Healing of bone phases 1: [blank_start]Inflammatory phase[blank_end] 2: Reparative 3: [blank_start]Remodelling[blank_end]

What would most likely to occur after 2 days of bone injury?

Callus formation into chondrocytes is in remodelling phase of bone repair.

Bone Callus is a collar of [blank_start]osteogenic[blank_end] cells around a bone fracture. Has the same function as granulation tissue.

In the reparative phase (II) of bone repair, Trabeculae of [blank_start]cancellous[blank_end] bone slowly unite. There's [blank_start]capillary[blank_end] ingrowth from edge of marrow cavity. [blank_start]Osteoblasts[blank_end] differentiate, cancellous bone laid down. [blank_start]Fibrocartilage[blank_end] formed in less vascular areas. After long periods of time, [blank_start]osteoclasts[blank_end] start to remodel. Marrow slowly replaced.

In [blank_start]Remodelling[blank_end] phase (III) of bone repair, it may take years. Bone contours are re-organised and excess [blank_start]callus[blank_end] removed.

What happens after weeks of bone repair?

Surgical incisions in bone --> healing with minimal [blank_start]callus[blank_end] formation and minimal disruption to the bone's ordered structure

Neuronal cells are mitotic and can be replaced

What is Gliolisis?

In PNS (Peripheral nervous system), nerve axons can be [blank_start]replaced[blank_end]. If Basement membrane of [blank_start]Schwann[blank_end] is disrupted, resorbed axons may miss each other resulting in a traumatic [blank_start]neuroma[blank_end]. If they are [blank_start]intact[blank_end], axonal growth has path to follow.

When basement membrane is intact; (PNS)

Tissue healing in liver - acute injury heals by complete regeneration, whilst chronic is usually leading to collapse of reticulin framework, along with surrounding by fibrosis also known as CIRRHOSIS.

Which one of these are correct in regards to tissue healing in kidneys?

Metaplasia is a form of healing in epithelial surfaces

An example of metaplasia includes replacement of ciliated columnar epithelium to squamous type that is resistant to trauma in chronic smoking damaged individuals.

Cardiac muscle cells are permanent and does not regenerate. Repairs by fibrosis

Skeletal muscle has no ability of healing/regeneration at all.

Smooth muscle has limited regeneration - can regenerate if loss is minimal

Respiratory epithelium [blank_start]can[blank_end] regenerate. However, basement membrane must be intact and CT framework minimally disrupted. If basement membrane disrupted, [blank_start]fibrosis[blank_end] occurs.

Which one(s) of these answers are true of cartilage healing?

Regeneration is good in tendon healing