Pregunta 1
Pregunta
The common vertical incision used in O&G to access the abdomen is known as a [blank_start]laparotomy[blank_end]
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
The incision for a caesarian section is typically conducted [blank_start]horizontally[blank_end] [blank_start]2cm[blank_end] above the [blank_start]pubic symphysis[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
pubic symphysis
-
iliac crests
-
2cm
-
4cm
-
horizontally
-
vertically
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
In order to reduce scarring, surgical incisions in O&G are made in an attempt to follow the tension lines of the skin known as [blank_start]Langer[blank_end] lines
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
What are the three layers of abdominal fascia called?
Respuesta
-
Camper's Fascia
-
Scarpa's Fascia
-
Transversalis Fascia
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Which of the three layers of abdominal fascia are found beneath the oblique musculature?
[blank_start]Transversalis[blank_end] fascia
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Arrange the 4 groups of abdominal muscles from superficial to deep:
[blank_start]External oblique muscles[blank_end]
[blank_start]Internal oblique muscles[blank_end]
[blank_start]Rectus abdominis muscles[blank_end]
[blank_start]Transversus abdominis muscles[blank_end]
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Which direction do the external oblique muscles run in?
Respuesta
-
Postero-anteriorly
-
Antero-Posteriorly
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Superiorly, the external oblique muscles attach to ribs [blank_start]5-11[blank_end]
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
The external intercostals are joined by a fibrous sheath called an aponeurosis. Name the midline section where the two aponeuroses meet and blend together.
The [blank_start]Linea Alba[blank_end]
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
As well as the linea alba, which two other structures do the external obliques attach to inferiorly?
Respuesta
-
Pubic tubercle
-
Iliac crest
-
ASIS
-
Ischial spine
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
The internal obliques run in the [blank_start]antero-posterior[blank_end] direction
Respuesta
-
antero-posterior
-
postero-anterior
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
An aponeurosis is a flattened [blank_start]tendon[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
tendon
-
ligament
-
fibrous capsule
-
muscle
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Which abdominal muscles attach to the thoracolumbar fascia found on the back of the body?
Respuesta
-
External obliques
-
Internal obliques
-
Transversus Abdominis
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Which bony feature of the pelvis do all abdominal muscles apart from the rectus abdominis attach to?
Respuesta
-
Pubic Tubercle
-
Iliac Crest
-
ASIS
-
Ischial Spine
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
The aponeurosis that exists lateral to the rectus abdominis muscles is known as the linea [blank_start]semilunaris[blank_end]
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
What is the name of the strong, fibrous layer that surrounds the rectus abdominis muscles and is made up of the combined aponeuroses of transversus abdominis, external oblique and internal oblique muscles?
[blank_start]Rectus sheath[blank_end]
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Which line, lying halfway between the pubic crest and umbilicus, demarcates the lower part of the rectus sheath?
The [blank_start]Arcuate[blank_end] line
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Which lateral abdominal muscle is always superficial to the rectus abdominis in the rectus sheath?
Respuesta
-
External Oblique
-
Internal Oblique
-
Transversus Abdominis
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Which muscle splits into anterior and posterior 'leaflets' in the rectus sheath above the acuate line?
Respuesta
-
External oblique
-
Internal oblique
-
Transversus Abdominis
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
The only notable difference above and below the arcuate line is that above the arcuate line the internal oblique is split into two leaflets, one of which is superficial and the other deep to the rectus abdominis, whereas below the arcuate line the whole internal oblique lies superficial to the rectus abdominis.
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
What is the vertebral level os the subcostal nerve?
[blank_start]T12[blank_end]
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Blood supply to the anterolateral abdominal wall:
Anterior Abdominal Wall:
Superior & Inferior [blank_start]epigastric[blank_end] arteries
Lateral Abdominal Wall:
[blank_start]Intercostal[blank_end] and [blank_start]subcostal[blank_end] arteries (alphabetical order)
Respuesta
-
epigastric
-
subcostal
-
Intercostal
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Blood supply to the anterior abdominal wall:
The Superior Epigastric Arteries are a continuation of the [blank_start]internal thoracic[blank_end] artery
The Inferior Epigastric Arteries are branches of the [blank_start]External Iliac[blank_end] Artery
Respuesta
-
External Iliac
-
internal thoracic
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
What are the internal thoracic arteries and veins also known as in women?
The [blank_start]mammary[blank_end] arteries and veins
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
What is the vertebral level of the ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves that supply the anterolateral abdominal wall?
[blank_start]L1[blank_end]
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Between which two muscles do the abdominal nerves travel?
Respuesta
-
External Oblique
-
Internal Oblique
-
Transversus Abdominis
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
In a Caesarean section, the rectus abdominis muscles are cut in order to reach the uterus.
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Which structure is found halfway between ASIS and pubic tubercle, and is the emerging point for the inferior epigastric artery into the abdomen?
[blank_start]Deep inguinal ring[blank_end]
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
What triangle is formed from the lateral border of rectus sheath medially, the inguinal ligament inferiorly and the inferior epigastric artery laterally?
The [blank_start]Inguinal[blank_end] Triangle
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Direct vs Indirect Hernias:
First, reduce the hernia and put pressure on the deep inguinal ring (halfway between ASIS and pubic tubercle). Following this ask the patient to cough.
If it pops out upon coughing, it's [blank_start]a direct[blank_end] inguinal hernia (through rectus muscle)
If it doesn't pop out upon coughing, it's [blank_start]an indirect[blank_end] inguinal hernia (it passes through the deep inguinal ring, which you're blocking)
Respuesta
-
a direct
-
an indirect
-
an indirect
-
a direct
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Direct inguinal hernias occur [blank_start]medially[blank_end] to the inferior epigastric artery.
Indirect inguinal hernias occur [blank_start]laterally[blank_end] to the inferior epigastric artery.
Respuesta
-
laterally
-
medially
-
medially
-
laterally
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
The incision used to conduct a hysterectomy is the same that is used to conduct a caesarean section