Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Chronic bronchitis can be characterized by the following
Respuesta
-
hypertrophy of the smooth muscle layer of the bronchi
-
squamous cell metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium
-
can cause cor pulmonale chronicum
-
all of the above
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Which type of emphysema most frequently causes pneumothorax?
Respuesta
-
paraseptal
-
senile
-
bullous
-
centrolobular
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
In diffuse pulmonary emphysema we can notice the following changes
Respuesta
-
the lungs are with increased density
-
the lungs are enlarged
-
we observe atrophy of the interalveolar septi
-
there is hypertrophy of the interalveolar septi
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
What is the order in which we observe the different histological stages in pneumonia crouposa?
Respuesta
-
congestion, grey hepatisation, red hepatisation, resolution
-
grey hepatisation, congestion, red hepatisation, resolution
-
congestion, red hepatisation, grey hepatisation, resolution
-
congestion, red hepatisation, grey hepatisation, lung abscess
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Which complications can we observe in lobar pneumonia?
Respuesta
-
carnification
-
fibrinous pleuritis
-
lung abscess
-
none of the above
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
In which stage of pneumonia crouposa (lobar pneumonia) can we hear crepitations?
Respuesta
-
grey hepatisation
-
congestion
-
resolution
-
red hepatisation
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Pleural friction in pneumonia crouposa (lobar pneumonia) can be detected in
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Characteristic features of hypostatic pneumonia
Respuesta
-
it is observed in the apical lobes of the lungs
-
it is unilateral
-
it is observed in the lower posterior segments of both lungs
-
there is impaired ventilation in the segments where it occurs
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
In hypostatic pneumonia
Respuesta
-
there is activation of saprophytic flora
-
it is caused by pneumococci
-
it is caused by Pneumocystis carini
-
there is hypoventilation in the lower posterior segments
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
In bronchopneumonia we can observe
Respuesta
-
scattered grey-yellow foci in the lung parenchyma
-
confluent grey-yellow foci
-
central collection of pus in these foci
-
rusty sputum
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Bronchopneumonia is characterized by
Respuesta
-
high fever, weakness, cough
-
can be complicated by septicopyemia
-
can be descending from purulent bronchitis
-
mycetoma
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Fungal pneumonia can be caused by
Respuesta
-
old age
-
long-term antibiotic treatment
-
in autoimmune diseases, where patients are treated with corticosteroids
-
immune deficit
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
In fungal pneumonia we can observe
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
In interstitial pneumonia
Respuesta
-
there is involvement of only one lobe
-
the inflammatory infiltrate is rich in lymphocytes
-
plasma cells are seen in the inflammatory infiltrate
-
the interalveolar septi are thickened
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
In pneumonia crouposa (lobar pneumonia) we can observe the following histological changes
Respuesta
-
focal purulent inflammation
-
fibrino-purulent exudate in the alveoli
-
artificial detachment of the fibrin fibrils from the alveolar walls
-
spared alveoli filled with air
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
What are the characteristic microscopic features of chronic pyelonephritis?
Respuesta
-
pericapsular glomerulosclerosis
-
mesangial hyperplasia
-
lymphoid infiltrates in the interstitium
-
"thyroidization " of the tubules
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
What is the most common outcome of tubal pregnancy?
Respuesta
-
rupture of the fallopian tube
-
secondary peritoneal pregnancy
-
pregnancy with normal birth
-
fetal transition into lithopedion
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Which of the following diseases affect the white substance of the brain?
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Where are the first and major vascular changes in hypertension?
Respuesta
-
aorta
-
vessels of muscle type
-
arterioles
-
veins
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Specify which stages are not found in lobar pneumonia
Respuesta
-
proliferative
-
gray hepatization
-
red hepatization
-
resolution
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
The most common case of acute post hemorrhagic anemia are:
Respuesta
-
acute hemolysis
-
traumatic
-
intoxication
-
all three above
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Which are tumor-like processes in the mouth
Respuesta
-
polyp
-
fibroma
-
hemangioma
-
epulis
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
In myeloma often develops
Respuesta
-
hyper-para-proteinemia
-
amyloidosis
-
renal failure
-
chronic pyelonephritis
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
In periarteritis nodosa occur
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Tubulorexis is seen in
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Which of the above pathological processes, refers to the proliferative state of rheumatism?
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Basal leptomeningitis is found in
Respuesta
-
sepsis
-
tuberculosis
-
influenza
-
neurosyphilis
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
What diseases comprise COPD
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Which of the ovarian tumors is related to transitional epithelium
Respuesta
-
Brenner tumor
-
Adrenoblastoma
-
Mucinous cystadenoma
-
Serous cystadenoma
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Typical changes in the heart in hypertension are
Respuesta
-
hypertrophy of the left ventricle
-
hypertrophy of the right ventricle
-
mitral stenosis
-
brown atrophy of the liver
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
In classical nephritic syndrome is found
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Which are the morphological subtypes of ameloblastoma
Respuesta
-
cystic
-
laminar
-
soft
-
solid
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
What complications can occur at the site of chronic heart aneurysm?
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Indicate where the viruses of hepatitis A and B replicate after enteral or parenteral penetration
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Serous meningitis can be caused by
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
"Big white kidneys " are seen in
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
Lobar pneumonia is
Respuesta
-
lobular
-
fibrinous
-
catarrhal
-
pleuropneumonia
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
What are the complications of atherosclerosis of the femoral artery
Respuesta
-
thrombophlebitis
-
atrophy of the limb
-
gangrene
-
thrombosis
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
The pathogenesis of hydrocephalus is due to
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Indicate which diseases are intraepithelial neoplasms
Respuesta
-
pre-cancers
-
tumor-like processes
-
invasive tumors
-
inflammatory diseases
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
When is mostly seen the acute aneurysm of the heart?
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
Early carcinoma of the stomach means
Respuesta
-
carcinoma infiltrating submucosa
-
carcinoma in situ
-
carcinoma infiltrating muscular layer
-
carcinoma infiltrating the serosa
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
What is abortion?
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
Which of the following morphologic methods are used for classifying the lymphomas
Respuesta
-
Staining with van Gieson
-
PAS reaction
-
Staining with von Kossa
-
Immunohistochemistry
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
Which of these tumors frequently metastasize to bone
Respuesta
-
liposarcoma
-
osteosarcoma
-
prostate cancer
-
breast cancer
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Which of the following thyroid cancer is associated with amyloidosis
Respuesta
-
Follicular carcinoma
-
Medullary carcinoma
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Which type of lung carcinoma has the worst prognosis
Respuesta
-
Squamous cell carcinoma
-
Small cell carcinoma
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
Which of the following is true for medullary carcinoma of the breast
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Which of the following type of lipids has the highest association with atherosclerosis
Respuesta
-
Triglycerides
-
Low-density lipoproteins
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
Calcifying sclerosis of aorta and big arteries is type of
Respuesta
-
Dystrophic calcification
-
Metastaic calcification
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
The most frequent form of primary glomerular disease in children is
Respuesta
-
Minimal change disease
-
Acute glomerulonephritis
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
Hyperfunction of anterior pituitary in pre-pubertal children generally can result in:
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
The role of external radiation in the etiology of thyroid cancer is predominant in:
Respuesta
-
Papillary carcinoma
-
Follicular carcinoma
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
The following type of carcinoma of the breast is characterized by ‘lndian file’ pattern of tumor cells
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
Prostatic hyperplasia affects most often
Respuesta
-
Peripheral prostate
-
Periurethral prostate
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
Which criteria refer to pernicious anaemia
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
Which of the following tumors have association with occupational exposure to asbestosis
Respuesta
-
Silicosis
-
Malignant mesothelioma
-
Squamous cell carcinoma
-
Laryngeal carcinoma
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
Which of the following features characterize ulcerative colitis, except
Respuesta
-
Formation of crypt abscess and cryptitis
-
Superficial mucosal ulceration
-
Depletion of goblet cells and mucus
-
Stricture formation in chronic cases
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
Philadelphia chromosome is characterized by
Respuesta
-
translocation (8; 14)
-
translocation (9:22)
-
translocation (22:9)
-
translocation (14;8)
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
Which of the following are included in classic Hodgkin’s disease
Respuesta
-
Histiocytic fibrosis
-
Lymphocytic depletion
-
Mixed cellularity
-
Nodular sclerosis
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
Pulseless disease is
Respuesta
-
Temporal arteritis
-
Kawasaki’s disease
-
Takayasu arteritis
-
Buerger’s disease
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
The morphologic variants of diagnostic cells in Hodgkin’s disease are
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
Crohn’s disease is characterized by the following histopathologic features
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
According to monoclonal atherosclerotic hypothesis, the primary event in atherosclerosis is
Respuesta
-
Monoclonal proliferation of endothelial cells
-
Monoclonal proliferation of smooth muscle cells
-
Monoclonal proliferation of monocytes
-
Monoclonal proliferation of foam cells
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
Barrett’s oesophagus is
Respuesta
-
Congenital anomaly
-
Inflammatory disease
-
Metaplastic process
-
Neoplastic lesion
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
The most common site of involvement of atherosclerotic aneurysm is
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
The following histologic types of bronchogenic carcinoma have strong association with cigarette smoking except
Respuesta
-
Squamous cell carcinoma
-
Small cell carcinoma
-
Large cell carcinoma
-
Adenocarcinoma
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
The most important and common complicated atheromatous lesion in the coronary artery in route myocardial infarction is
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
In hypertensive heart disease left ventricular hypertrophy is correlated with
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
The most common causative organism for lobar pneumonia is
Respuesta
-
Staphylococci
-
Streptococci
-
Pneumococci
-
Haemophilus
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
The common complications of gastric ulcer are
Respuesta
-
penetration
-
pneumonia
-
hemorrhage
-
perforation
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
Which of the following types of acute viral hepatitis become chronic hepatitis
Pregunta 73
Pregunta
What complication can occur due to atherosclerosis of femoral artery?
Pregunta 74
Pregunta
Nephrotic syndrome develops in
Respuesta
-
urine retention
-
acute renal failure
-
acute pyelonephritis
-
glomerulonephritis
Pregunta 75
Pregunta
The infection which leads to pyelonephritis may be a result of
Pregunta 76
Pregunta
Which of the following diseases does not lead to nephrosclerosis
Respuesta
-
atherosclerosis
-
diabetes mellitus
-
diabetes insipidus
-
gout
Pregunta 77
Pregunta
Squamous cell carcinoma is a common tumor in the
Respuesta
-
Uterine body
-
Ovaries
-
Fallopian tubes
-
Uterine cervix
Pregunta 78
Pregunta
Which of the morphological methods are used for subtyping lymphomas?
Respuesta
-
Van Gieson staining
-
PAS
-
Von Kossa staining
-
Immunohistochemistry
Pregunta 79
Pregunta
Which of the following complications can develop in pulmonary carcinoma
Pregunta 80
Pregunta
Determine the pathological process in the lung parenchyma, having in mind the microscopic appearance - a focus of necrosis, detritus, leukocytes and macrophages
Pregunta 81
Pregunta
Point out the characteristic macroscopic changes of chronic obstructive emphysema
Respuesta
-
decreased in size lungs, collapsed to the hilum
-
lungs with increased volume
-
thick consistency of the lungs
-
reduced elasticity and soft consistency
Pregunta 82
Pregunta
What disease is endometriosis?
Pregunta 83
Pregunta
Gynecomastia is a disease of
Respuesta
-
breast in women
-
ovaries
-
male breast
-
testes
Pregunta 84
Pregunta
What is typical for the first stage of syphilis?
Pregunta 85
Pregunta
For tuberculous meningitis the following histological changes are typical
Pregunta 86
Pregunta
Why are occupational diseases named pneumoconiosis?
Pregunta 87
Pregunta
Which of the following factors play a role in the development of bronchial carcinoma?
Pregunta 88
Pregunta
What is the exudate in the pleural cavity and pericardial sac due to lymphatic spread of pulmonary carcinoma into them?
Respuesta
-
fibrinous
-
serous
-
hemorrhagic
-
purulent
Pregunta 89
Pregunta
What forms of silicosis do you know?
Respuesta
-
nodular
-
diffuse-sclerotic
-
senile
-
combination of a) and b)
Pregunta 90
Pregunta
Apically located peripheral pulmonary carcinoma is represented by the eponym
Pregunta 91
Pregunta
Which diseases complicate siliscosis?
Respuesta
-
cor hypertonicum
-
cor pulmonale chronicum
-
tuberculosis
-
pneumofibrosis
Pregunta 92
Pregunta
Claude-Bernard-Horner syndrome includes the following:
Respuesta
-
ptosis, midriasis, anhydrosis
-
ptosis, miosis, increased sweating
-
ptosis. miosis, pseudoenophthalmus
-
anhydrosis
Pregunta 93
Pregunta
What possible gross changes we see in lung carcinoma?
Pregunta 94
Pregunta
Chronic bronchitis is usually accompanied by
Respuesta
-
squamous cell metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium
-
phases of purulent inflammation
-
productive cough for at least 2 months/year for 3 consecutive years
-
productive cough for at least 3 months/year for 2 consecutive years
Pregunta 95
Pregunta
Squamous cell lung carcinoma occurs
Respuesta
-
in the middle lobe of the left lung
-
after squamous cell metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium of bronchi
-
as an ill-defined node connected to a bronchus
-
forming nests of tumor cells producing keratin
Pregunta 96
Pregunta
In small cell lung carcinoma we can observe
Respuesta
-
numerous tumor cells with scant stroma
-
the tumor cells resemble oat-grains
-
it grows in a pneumonia-like fashion
-
the tumor cells have very high proliferative rate
Pregunta 97
Pregunta
Bronchiolo-alveolar pulmonary carcinoma is characterized by:
Respuesta
-
forms papillary folds into the alveolar lumen
-
it is a form of squamous cell carcinoma
-
the cells produce keratin
-
it is a form of adenocarcinoma
Pregunta 98
Pregunta
Hodgkin lymphoma has
Pregunta 99
Pregunta
In Hodgkin lymphoma we can observe
Respuesta
-
effaced lymph node structure
-
nodular sclerosis histological form
-
mixed cellularity histological form
-
chronic myeloleukemia
Pregunta 100
Pregunta
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas can be
Respuesta
-
Nodal
-
B-cell and T -cell types
-
Extranodal
-
none of the above