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Sudden Death CLASP

Descripción

A quiz based on everything I think might be relevant from the CLASP lectures which were uploaded to Medblogs and the pre-lecture formative.
Matthew Coulson
Test por Matthew Coulson, actualizado hace más de 1 año
Matthew Coulson
Creado por Matthew Coulson hace más de 5 años
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
[blank_start]After[blank_end] depolarizations are abnormal depolarizations of cardiac myocytes that interrupt phase 2, 3 or 4 of the cardiac AP in the cardiac conduction system of the heart
Respuesta
  • After

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
[blank_start]Early[blank_end] Afterdepolarisations can result in Torsades de Pointes
Respuesta
  • Early
  • Delayed

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
Early Afterdepolarisations are potentiated by drugs which prolong the [blank_start]QT[blank_end] interval
Respuesta
  • QT
  • PR
  • PT
  • QRS

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
Early Afterdepolarisations can be potentiated by which of the following?
Respuesta
  • Hypokalaemia
  • Hyperkalaemia
  • Hyponatraemia
  • Hypernatraemia

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
Torsades de pointes is commonly caused by low [blank_start]potassium[blank_end] levels and/or low [blank_start]magnesium[blank_end] levels
Respuesta
  • potassium
  • sodium
  • magnesium
  • iron
  • zinc
  • copper

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
Torsades de Pointes is a [blank_start]ventricular[blank_end] [blank_start]tachycardia[blank_end] which can be fatal.
Respuesta
  • ventricular
  • supraventricular
  • tachycardia
  • bradycardia

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
Early Afterdepolarisations occur during the [blank_start]repolarisation[blank_end] phase of the cardiac action potential
Respuesta
  • repolarisation
  • depolarisation

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
Delayed Afterdepolarisations occur during [blank_start]phase 4[blank_end] of the cardiac action potential - after repolarisation but before another action potential occurs.
Respuesta
  • phase 4
  • phase 0
  • phase 1
  • phase 2
  • phase 3

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
Delayed Afterdepolarisations typically occur due to raised Cytosolic [blank_start]Calcium[blank_end] levels Delayed Afterdepolarisations are classically seen in [blank_start]Digoxin[blank_end] Toxicity
Respuesta
  • Digoxin
  • Warfarin
  • Lithium
  • Paracetamol
  • Calcium
  • Sodium
  • Potassium
  • Magnesium

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia is classically seen in [blank_start]delayed afterdepolarisations[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • delayed afterdepolarisations
  • early afterdepolarisations

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
Congenital Long QT Syndrome is associated with [blank_start]Torsades de Pointes[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • Torsades de Pointes
  • Brugada Syndrome

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
Congenital Long QT Syndrome which presents with deafness is likely autosomal [blank_start]recessive[blank_end] in nature
Respuesta
  • recessive
  • dominant

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
Congenital Short QT Syndrome occurs due to a mutation in the cardiac [blank_start]Potassium[blank_end] Channels
Respuesta
  • Potassium
  • Calcium
  • Sodium
  • Chloride

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
ST Elevation and Right Bundle Branch Block is indicative of Brugada Syndrome if it occurs in which of the following leads?
Respuesta
  • V1
  • V2
  • V3
  • V4
  • V5
  • V6

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
Brugada syndrome is inherited in an autosomal [blank_start]dominant[blank_end] pattern
Respuesta
  • dominant
  • recessive

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
Which 2 of the following are known to trigger Ventricular Fibrillation in patients with Brugada Syndrome? This can cause sudden cardiac death.
Respuesta
  • Sleep
  • Fever
  • Exercise
  • Stress

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
Antiarrhythmic medications (e.g. Amiodarone) and Analgesics (e.g. Paracetamol) should be avoided in Brugada Syndrome patients, for fear of causing Ventricular Fibrillation.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT) is a condition whereby Ventricular Fibrillation can be caused in response to adrenaline and/or noradrenaline. Which 2 of the following are the most common exacerbants of this condition?
Respuesta
  • Emotional Stress
  • Exercise
  • Sleep
  • Alcohol
  • Large Meals
  • Fever

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
Which of the following medications have been found to be beneficial in CPVT patients?
Respuesta
  • Beta Blockers
  • Calcium Channel Blockers
  • Iron Chelators
  • ACE Inhibitors
  • Aldosterone Antagonists (e.g. Spironolactone)

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
Flecainide should be considered for treatment of which of the following conditions?
Respuesta
  • Brugada Syndrome
  • CPVT
  • Congenital Long QT Syndrome
  • Torsades de Pointes
  • Wolff-Parkinson White Syndrome

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
Delta wave on an ECG is indicative of which of the following conditions?
Respuesta
  • Congenital Long QT Syndrome
  • Wolff-Parkinson White Syndrome
  • Brugada Syndrome
  • Torsades de Pointes
  • CVPT

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
What is the most common genetic cause of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?
Respuesta
  • Sarcomeric Protein Gene Mutation
  • AMP-Kinase Mutation
  • FHL1 Mutation
  • Familial ATTR
  • Carnitine Mutation

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators are first line treatment for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy is an autosomal dominant condition whereby mutations in the genes encoding cardiac [blank_start]desmosomes[blank_end] cause fibrofatty replacement of cardiomyocytes in the right ventricular, thus leading to arrhythmias.
Respuesta
  • desmosomes

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
Generally, which of the following types of medication has been proven to reduce the rate of Sudden Cardiac Death?
Respuesta
  • Beta Blockers
  • ACE Inhibitors
  • Calcium Channel Blockers
  • Beta-2 Adrenoceptor Antagonists
  • Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
The likelihood of having a disease if you have a gene mutation is called the [blank_start]Penetrance[blank_end] of a disease
Respuesta
  • Penetrance

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
Marfan Syndrome occurs due to a mutation to the [blank_start]Fibrillin[blank_end] gene
Respuesta
  • Fibrillin

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
The safest position for a baby to sleep in is on their side.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 29

Pregunta
You are receiving patients in casualty. A 38 yo healthy man became acutely unwell, becoming very pale and than grey and unresponsive. An ambulance was called, but in the interim, he spontaneously recovered. He has no past medical history. On arrival in hospital, his ECG was as follows: What is the most likely diagnosis? [blank_start]Brugada Syndrome[blank_end]
Image:
Picture107 (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Brugada Syndrome

Pregunta 30

Pregunta
What is the only type of shock which causes a bradycardia (as opposed to tachycardia)?
Respuesta
  • Neurogenic Shock
  • Anaphylactic Shock
  • Cardiogenic Shock
  • Hypovolaemic Shock
  • Septic Shock

Pregunta 31

Pregunta
Which of the following should be given to treat neurogenic shock?
Respuesta
  • Vasopressors (e.g. Adrenaline)
  • Fluid and Blood Replacement
  • Inotropes (e.g. Dobutamine)

Pregunta 32

Pregunta
Inadequate organ perfusion caused by the failure of the heart to act as a pump is known as [blank_start]cardiogenic[blank_end] shock
Respuesta
  • cardiogenic

Pregunta 33

Pregunta
Anaphylactic shock is treated via IV [blank_start]adrenaline[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • adrenaline

Pregunta 34

Pregunta
Anaphylactic shock is treated with 500micrograms of adrenaline at a dilution of
Respuesta
  • 1 in 10000
  • 1 in 1000
  • 1 in 100
  • 1 in 10

Pregunta 35

Pregunta
A patient is hypertensive once their BP drops below [blank_start]90/60[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • 90/60
  • 90/70
  • 100/60
  • 100/70

Pregunta 36

Pregunta
In neurogenic shock, the [blank_start]sympathetic[blank_end] supply to the heart has been cut off which is which neurogenic shock results in [blank_start]bradycardia[blank_end] (when the other types of shock result in [blank_start]tachycardia[blank_end])
Respuesta
  • bradycardia
  • tachycardia
  • tachycardia
  • bradycardia
  • sympathetic
  • parasympathetic

Pregunta 37

Pregunta
MI, Heart Failure, PE and Cardiac Tamponade are all causes of which type of shock?
Respuesta
  • Cardiogenic Shock
  • Anaphylactic Shock
  • Hypovolaemic Shock
  • Septic Shock
  • Neurogenic Shock

Pregunta 38

Pregunta
Which of the following is most commonly known to cause cardiac arrest?
Respuesta
  • Hyperkalaemia
  • Hypokalaemia
  • Hypernatraemia
  • Hyponatraemia

Pregunta 39

Pregunta
Which two of the following are typically used to treat cardiogenic shock?
Respuesta
  • Inotropes (E.g. Dobutamine)
  • Vasopressors (E.g. Adrenaline)
  • Chronotropes (E.g. Atropine)
  • Beta Blockers (E.g. Propranolol)
  • ACE Inhibitors (E.g. Ramipril)

Pregunta 40

Pregunta
Which of the following are types of distributive shock? I.e. the blood volume is normal, it is just unevenly distributed
Respuesta
  • Cardiogenic Shock
  • Anaphylactic Shock
  • Hypovolaemic Shock
  • Neurogenic Shock
  • Septic Shock

Pregunta 41

Pregunta
At what depth should chest compressions be conducted?
Respuesta
  • 3-4cm
  • 5-6cm
  • 7-8cm

Pregunta 42

Pregunta
In a case of an adult with heart failure, rescue breaths should be conducted before chest compressions are started.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 43

Pregunta
Which of the following are shockable?
Respuesta
  • Ventricular Tachycardia
  • Ventricular Fibrillation
  • Pulseless Electrical Activity
  • Asystole

Pregunta 44

Pregunta
Which of the following are non-shockable rhythms?
Respuesta
  • Pulseless Electrical Activity
  • Asystole
  • Ventricular Tachycardia
  • Ventricular Fibrillation

Pregunta 45

Pregunta
IV Adrenaline (+IV Amiodarone if arrhythmia) should be given after [blank_start]3[blank_end] rounds of CPR and every [blank_start]3[blank_end] rounds thereafter
Respuesta
  • 3
  • 5
  • 10
  • 3
  • 5
  • 10

Pregunta 46

Pregunta
[blank_start]Clinical death[blank_end] is reversible [blank_start]Biologic death[blank_end] is irreversible
Respuesta
  • Clinical death
  • Biologic death

Pregunta 47

Pregunta
In absence of CPR, clinical death lasts around 3-6 minutes before biologic death occurs.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 48

Pregunta
Where are ECG electrodes placed? Right Arm = [blank_start]Red[blank_end] Left Arm = [blank_start]Yellow[blank_end] Left Leg = [blank_start]Green[blank_end] Right Leg = [blank_start]Blue[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • Blue
  • Green
  • Yellow
  • Red
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