Pregunta 1
Pregunta
What are the functions of skin?
Respuesta
-
Protection
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Thermoregulation
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Fat store
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Sensation
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Produce vitamin C
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Produce vitamin D
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
What is the most superficial layer of skin?
Respuesta
-
Dermis
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Epidermis
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Subcutis
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
How many layers make up the epidermis?
Respuesta
-
5 in normal skin, 4 in thick skin
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4 in normal skin, 5 in thick skin
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
What is the deepest layer of the epidermis?
Respuesta
-
Stratum corneum
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Stratum lucidum
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Stratum Granulosum
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Stratum Spinosum
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Stratum Basale
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
What is the most superficial layer of the epidermis?
Respuesta
-
Stratum Corneum
-
Stratum Lucidum
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Stratum Granulosum
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Stratum Spinosum
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Stratum Basale
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Which layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin?
Respuesta
-
Stratum corneum
-
Stratum lucidum
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Stratum granulosum
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Stratum spinosum
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Stratum basale
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Where on the body would you find thick skin?
Respuesta
-
Soles of the feet
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Knees
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Fingertips
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Palms of the hands
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Lips
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Between which layers of the epidermis is the stratum lucidum found?
Respuesta
-
Between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum
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Between the stratum granulosum and the stratum spinosum
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Between the stratum spinosum and the stratum basale
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
What is the function of the stratum basale?
Respuesta
-
Endure the normal wear and tear of everyday life
-
Produce keratin and hydrophobic substances which keep the skin waterproof
-
Allow keratinocytes to mature and play a role in immune function
-
Constantly produce keratinocytes
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
What is the function of the stratum granulosum?
Respuesta
-
Endure the normal everyday wear and tear
-
Produce keratin and hydrophobic substances that keep skin waterproof
-
Allow keratinocytes to mature and have a role in immunity
-
Constantly produce keratinocytes
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
What is the function of the stratum corneum?
Respuesta
-
Endure the everyday wear and tear of everyday life
-
Produce keratin and hydrophobic substances that help to keep skin waterproof
-
Allow keratinocytes to mature and has a role in immune function
-
Constantly produce keratinocytes
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
What is the function of the stratum spinosum?
Respuesta
-
Endures the normal everyday wear and tear
-
Produces keratin and hydrophobic substances that help to keep skin waterproof
-
Allow keratinocytes to mature and has a role in immunity
-
Constantly produces keratinocytes
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
How many days, on average, does it take for cells produced in the stratum basale to reach the stratum corneum?
Respuesta
-
2 days
-
5 days
-
10 days
-
20 days
-
50 days
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
In what dermatological disease is the turnover of keratinocytes increased?
Respuesta
-
Atopic eczema
-
Psoriasis
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Impetigo
-
Tinea
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Which of the following are non-keratinising cells that can be found in the epidermis?
Respuesta
-
Merkel cells
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Beta cells
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Langerhan cells
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Melanocytes
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Kpuffer cells
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Keratinocytes
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
What are Langerhan cells
Respuesta
-
Phagocytes
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Antigen Presenting Cells
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Pigment Producing Cells
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
What are Merkel Cells thought to do?
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
What keeps the dermis and the epidermis separate?
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
What is the name of the upper layer of the dermis?
Respuesta
-
Papillary dermis
-
Reticular dermis
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
What is the name of the lower layer of the dermis?
Respuesta
-
Papillary dermis
-
Reticular dermis
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Which of the following is not found within the dermis?
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Where is the deep vascular plexus?
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Where is the superficial vascular plexus?
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Why does blood flow within the skin need to be variable?
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
What nervous system allows the blood flow to the skin to be changed by constricting some of the anastamoses?
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
What are the four different types of nerve endings found in the dermis?
Respuesta
-
Free nerve endings
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Fixed nerve endings
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Pacinian corpuscles
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Meissner's corpuscles
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Merkel cellls
-
Langerhan cells
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
What is the subcutis predominantly made up of?
Respuesta
-
Type II collagen
-
Type I collagen
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Adipose tissue
-
Melanocytes
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
What are the functions of the subcutis?
Respuesta
-
Heat insulator
-
Produce vitamin D
-
Act as a food store
-
Produce melanin
-
Produce type II collagen
-
Act as a shock absorber
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Which of the following are associated with hair follicles?
Respuesta
-
Apocrine sweat glands
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Eccrine sweat glands
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Sebaceous glands
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Arrector pili muscles
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
What do sebaceous glands produce?
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
What is the function of sebum?
Respuesta
-
It has antibiotic functions and protects us from bacteria
-
It moisturizes skin and hair
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It allows us to lose heat when we are too hot
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Hair and nails are made out of the same substance: keratin. True or false?
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
What does soft keratin contain that hard keratin does not?
Respuesta
-
Granular layer
-
Adipose tissue
-
Type II collagen
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
What are the two types of sweat gland found in skin?
Respuesta
-
Sebaceous
-
Apocrine
-
Eccrine
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Which of these sweat glands produces smelly sweat?
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
What is the mechanism of secretion for eccrine sweat glands?
Respuesta
-
Holocrine
-
Apotosis
-
Merocrine
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
How are eccrine sweat glands innervated?
Respuesta
-
Sympathetic cholenergic control
-
Sympathetic adrenergic control
-
Parasympathetic cholenergic control
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
Where on the body are apocrine sweat glands found?
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
What is the innervation of apocrine sweat glands?
Respuesta
-
Sympathetic adrenergic control
-
Sympathetic cholenergic control
-
Parasympathetic cholenergic control
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
What is the function of vitamin D?
Respuesta
-
Regulates calcium and phosphate metabolism
-
Regulates sodium and calcium metabolism
-
Regulates sodium and potassium metabolism
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
How much vitamin D is produced by our skin?
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
Lack of vitamin D in adults can cause what disease?
Respuesta
-
Osteomalacia
-
Osteoarthritis
-
Rickets
-
Osteoporosis
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
Where in the body is vitamin D activated?
Respuesta
-
Blood vessels
-
Kidneys
-
Spleen
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
In what layer of the epidermis are melanocytes found?
Respuesta
-
Stratum corneum
-
Stratum lucidum
-
Stratum granulosum
-
Stratum spinosum
-
Stratum basale
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
What is the histological appearance of melanocytes?
Respuesta
-
Dark, flat cells resting on the basement membrane
-
Cells with many dendrites which mostly penetrate the basale layer
-
Round cells with visible granules inside
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
What does melanin do?
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
What are the two types of melanin?
Respuesta
-
Eumelanin
-
Pheomelanin
-
Fibromelanin
-
Neomelanin
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
How do these two types of melanin cause the wide range of skin colours seen in humans?
Respuesta
-
They are mixed in different ratios
-
Darker skinned people have more melanin than lighter skinned people
-
Lighter skinned people only have one type of melanin