1823990
Pregunta 1
Pregunta
What is atopic eczema?
Respuesta
-
An inflammatory process affecting the skin
-
Loss of melanocytes from the stratum basale
-
Thinning of the epidermis
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Atopic eczema is not the most common form of eczema.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
What percentage of the population does eczema affect?
Respuesta
-
5%
-
15%
-
35%
-
60%
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
What is the most common age of onset of atopic eczema?
Respuesta
-
Childhood
-
Middle age
-
Aged 60+
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
What conditions are often associated with atopic eczema?
Respuesta
-
Hayfever
-
Asthma
-
IBS
-
Meningitis
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Histologically, which layer of skin thickens in the chronic stage of eczema?
Respuesta
-
Epidermis
-
Dermis
-
Subcutis
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
In which stage of eczema is the skin likely to be weepy?
Respuesta
-
Acute
-
Chronic
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
The vesicles that are present during the acute stage of atopic eczema are found....
Respuesta
-
intraepidermally
-
intradermally
-
between the epidermis and dermis
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Where does infantile atopic eczema usually first present?
Respuesta
-
Cheeks
-
Nappy area
-
Flexures (e.g. crook of elbow)
-
Extensor surfaces (e.g. back of elbow)
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
What area of the body does infantile atopic eczema usually spare?
Respuesta
-
Face
-
Nappy area
-
Hands and feet
-
Torso
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Where does eczema tend to localize to in school-age children?
Respuesta
-
Flexures
-
Extensor surfaces
-
Hand and feet
-
Between the digits
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
What is lichenification?
Respuesta
-
Thick, leathery skin due to extensive scratching or rubbing of the area
-
Thin, papery skin due to the skin drying out
-
Thickening of the skin due to the skin drying out
-
Skin that has lost its pigment due to excess scratching or rubbing
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Which of the following are common triggers for atopic eczema?
Respuesta
-
Cleaning products
-
Dust mites
-
Animal fur
-
Pollens
-
Salt water
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
What can be used to break the itch-scratch cycle commonly seen in eczema?
Respuesta
-
Mittens or gloves
-
Steroids
-
Antihistamines
-
Oral antibiotics
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
How times a day are emollients usually prescribed for a person with eczema?
Respuesta
-
Once a day
-
Twice a day
-
Three times a day
-
As required
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
How can using soap substitutes help in the treatment of eczema?
Respuesta
-
Reduce irritation
-
Moisturize the skin
-
Prevent bacteria from entering the affected areas
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
How should steroids be used in the treatment of eczema?
Respuesta
-
Intermittently to control flare ups, but not on more the 7 days in a month
-
Constantly
-
As required, but not for more than a month at a time
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
What treatments can a dermatologist offer for eczema that a GP cannot?
Respuesta
-
Topical steroids
-
Systemic treatments
-
UV light therapy
-
Calcineurin inhibitors
-
Oral antibiotics
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
What are calcineurin inhibitors?
Respuesta
-
Immunomodulating drugs that block calcineurin receptors
-
Immunomodulating drugs that prevent the production of calcineurin
-
Immunomodulating drugs that decrease the effects of calcineurin by binding to it and changing its shape
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
What does calcineurin do?
Respuesta
-
Activates inflammation within the skin
-
Causes immune cells within the skin to proliferate
-
Aggravates the skin causing inflammation
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Steroids can cause stretch marks or striae on the skin.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
What is the most common bacterial infection that accompanies eczema?
Respuesta
-
Staphylococcal infection
-
E. Coli infection
-
Streptococcal infection
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
What is the most common viral co-infection that accompanies eczema?
Respuesta
-
Herpes infection
-
Rhotavirus infection
-
Coronovirus infection
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
When is hyper- or hypo- pigmentation most likely to occur in eczema?
Respuesta
-
Following treatment with steroids
-
After an acute phase
-
After scarring has healed
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Eczema does not cause scarring. True or false?
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Where does psoriasis most often occur on the body?
Respuesta
-
Flexor surfaces
-
Extensor surfaces
-
Torso
-
Extremities
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Which of these descriptions most accurately describes psoriasis?
Respuesta
-
Well-defined, inflamed plaques which appear white and scaly
-
Poor-defined, inflamed plaques which appear white and scaly
-
Well-defined, inflamed plaques which appear golden and crusty
-
Poorly-defined, inflamed plaques which appear golden and crusty
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
What percentage of the population is affected by psoriasis?
Respuesta
-
0.1-0.5%
-
1-2%
-
5-7%
-
10-15%
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
What is the peak age of onset for psoriasis?
Respuesta
-
15 years old
-
28 years old
-
40 years old
-
67 years old
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Psoriasis only affects women. True or false?
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Psoriasis usually affects extensor surfaces, but where else can it commonly affect?
Respuesta
-
Sacrum
-
Scalp
-
Ears
-
Palms of the hands and soles of the feet
-
Cheeks
-
Lips
-
Axillary region
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
The distribution of psoriasis is usually symmetrical. True or false?
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Histologically, what occurs in psoriasis?
Respuesta
-
Disordered maturation of keratinocytes
-
Increased epidermal transit time of keratinocytes
-
Thickening of the epidermis
-
Hyperplasia of keratinocytes in the stratum corneum
-
Benign proliferation of Langerhan cells within the epidermis
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
How does coal tar help to treat psoriasis?
Respuesta
-
Slows the growth of keratinocytes
-
Restores the skins appearance
-
Reduces the irritation of the skin
-
Thins the epidermis
-
Slows hair growth
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Why is coal tar not well tolerated?
Respuesta
-
It can make the skin red and itchy
-
It can stain clothes, bedding and light-coloured hair
-
It causes hair loss
-
Not very much improvement is seen after short-term use
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
How is salicylic acid useful in treating psoriasis?
Respuesta
-
It softens the plaques and helps lift them off the skin to reveal normal skin underneath
-
It reduces blood pressure which helps to prevent psoriasis flare-ups
-
It moisturizes the skin
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
What is the mechanism of action of vitamin D analogues used in the treatment of psoriasis?
Respuesta
-
Reduces proliferation of keratinocytes and stimulates epidermal cell differentiation
-
Reduces proliferation of melanocytes and stimulated epidermal cell differentiation
-
Increases proliferation of keratinocytes and stimulates epidermal cell differentiation
-
Reduces proliferation of keratinocytes and reduces epidermal cell differentiation
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
What treatments can dermatologists offer for psoriasis that GPs cannot?
Respuesta
-
Topical steroids
-
UV phototherapy
-
Systemic medications
-
Monoclonal antibodies
-
Emollients
-
Coal tar
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Which wavelength of UV light is used in UV phototherapy?
Respuesta
-
UV A
-
UV B
-
UV C
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Why are oral retinoids given before a course of UV phototherapy?
Respuesta
-
To enhance the effects of the UV phototherapy
-
To sedate the patient
-
To ensure the patient does not experience and nausea or vomiting
-
To reduce the risk of DNA damage to skin cells
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
What is the course of treatment for UV phototherapy?
Respuesta
-
2-3 times per week for 3-4 months
-
As required
-
6 times per week for a month
-
Once per week for one year
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
What is the cause of acne vulgaris?
Respuesta
-
Over-activity of pilo-sebaceous glands
-
Over-activity of apocrine sweat glands
-
Over-activity of eccrine sweat glands
-
Under-activity of pilo-sebaceous glands
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
What causes the over stimulation of the sebaceous glands?
Respuesta
-
Hormonal stimulation
-
Diet
-
Sympathetic nervous stimulation
-
Parasympathetic nervous stimulation
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
How does the over stimulation of the sebaceous glands then lead to acne?
Respuesta
-
The hair follicles become "plugged" with secretions
-
Inflammation occurs within the hair follicles
-
Hair growth is too fast due to increased sebum leading to the follicle becoming blocked
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
Where on the body is acne most common?
Respuesta
-
Face
-
Upper chest and back
-
Hands
-
Scalp
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Why is acne most common on the face, upper chest and upper back?
Respuesta
-
Because the highest population of sebaceous glands is found here
-
Because these areas are often exposed
-
Because these areas are most often touched with dirty hands
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
How many grades of severity are there for acne vulgaris?
Respuesta
-
3
-
4
-
6
-
7
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
What do topical retinoids do?
Respuesta
-
Dry skin out
-
Moisturize the skin
-
Prevent stimulation of sebaceous glands
-
Reduce the viscosity of sebum
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
How should systemic retinoids not be given to?
Respuesta
-
Pregnant women
-
Anyone under the age of 12
-
Anyone taking oral antibiotics
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
How is the oral contraceptive pill useful in treating acne?
Respuesta
-
It controls the hormones to prevent over stimulation
-
It makes sebum less viscous preventing "plugging" of the hair follicles
-
It makes hair follicles larger so that they become "plugged" less easily
-
It is used in women and girls to give a placebo effect
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
Both oral and topical antibiotics can be used to treat acne vulgaris. True or false?
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
What type of infection is impetigo?
Respuesta
-
Bacterial
-
Viral
-
Fungal
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
Which bacteria are most commonly responsible for impetigo?
Respuesta
-
Staphylococcus aureus
-
Staphylococcus pyogenes
-
E. coli
-
All Streptococcal bacteria
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
What feature is very characteristic of impetigo?
Respuesta
-
Golden-yellow crust
-
Severe inflammation
-
Purple-ish flecks within the rash
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
What two treatments are most commonly used to treat impetigo?
Respuesta
-
Fucidin cream
-
Oral flucloxadin
-
Topical penicillin
-
Emollients
-
Methotrexate
-
Topical dexamethasone
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
What virus usually causes viral warts?
Respuesta
-
Human papilloma virus
-
Rhotar virus
-
Astrovirus
-
Herpes simplex virus type I
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
How are viral warts most commonly transmitted?
Respuesta
-
In water
-
By sharing clothes or bedding
-
By touching the wart and then touching areas of damaged skin
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
Viral warts are often self-resolving. True or false?
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
Which of the following is not a treatment for viral warts?
Respuesta
-
Duct taping and filing down
-
Salicylic acid
-
Cryotherapy
-
Topical antibiotics
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
Tinea and roundworm are different skin conditions. True or false?
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
What is tinea caused by?
Respuesta
-
A bacteria
-
A virus
-
A fungus
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
What is the usually given as treatment for tinea?
Respuesta
-
Topical anti-fungals
-
Topical antibiotics
-
Emollients
-
Topical corticosteroids
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
Systemic treatment is never used for tinea infection. True or false?
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
What causes actinic keratosis?
Respuesta
-
Sun exposure
-
Benign proliferation of melanocytes
-
Hormonal over-stimulation
-
Wear and tear of the skin over time
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
In what age group is actinic keratosis most common?
Respuesta
-
Over sixties
-
Forties to fifties
-
Teenagers
-
Infants
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
Why must actinic keratosis be closely observed?
Respuesta
-
Because it can develop into skin cancer
-
Because as it increases in size it can become very painful
-
Because if a person has more than three lesions they may have liver cirrhosis
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
What skin cancer is actinic keratosis most likely to develop into?
Respuesta
-
Melanoma
-
Squamous cell carcinoma
-
Basal cell carcinoma
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
What treatments are there for actinic keratosis?
Respuesta
-
Cryptherapy
-
Emollients
-
Topical corticosteroids
-
Systemic retinoids
-
Oral antibiotics
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
Which type of skin cancer is considered to be the least serious?
Respuesta
-
Basal cell carcinoma
-
Squamous cell carcinoma
-
Melanoma
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
Where on the body does basal cell carcinoma most commonly present?
Respuesta
-
Head and neck
-
Hands and arms
-
Torso
-
Any sun exposed area
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
What is the appearance of a basal cell carcinoma lesion?
Respuesta
-
Shiny, translucent nodule
-
Dark, asymmetrical lesion
-
Inflamed, crater-shaped lesion
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
Why is basal cell carcinoma not referred under the two week wait rule?
Respuesta
-
Because it very rarely metastasizes
-
Because nothing can be done to remove this cancer
-
Because too many people get this type of cancer for the NHS to deal with
Pregunta 73
Pregunta
Squamous cell carcinoma only arises from actinic keratosis. True or false?
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 74
Pregunta
What is squamous cell carcinoma caused by?
Respuesta
-
Cumulative sun-exposure
-
Over stimulation by hormones
-
Smoking
-
Some recreational drugs
Pregunta 75
Pregunta
What features of a skin lesion would make it suspicious?
Respuesta
-
One solid colour only
-
Asymmetry
-
Clear borders
-
Diameter bigger than 6mm
-
Additional features, e.g. itching or bleeding
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