Introduction & Physiology of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology

Descripción

The first afternoon of the course - first lecture given.
Matthew Coulson
Test por Matthew Coulson, actualizado hace más de 1 año
Matthew Coulson
Creado por Matthew Coulson hace alrededor de 5 años
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
Alcoholic beverages typically utilise yeasts in their production, especially [blank_start]Saccharomyces cerevisiae[blank_end] (commonly known as baker's yeast).
Respuesta
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae
  • Saccharomyces boulardii
  • Saccharomyces eubayanus
  • Saccharomyces carlsbergensis

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
Vinegar is scientifically known as [blank_start]acetic[blank_end] acid
Respuesta
  • acetic

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
Which of the following fungi is used in the production of citric acid?
Respuesta
  • Aspergillus Niger
  • Aspergillus Nidulans
  • Aspergillus Oryzae
  • Aspergillus Fumigatus
  • Aspergillus Flavus

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
Antibiotics are [blank_start]secondary[blank_end] metabolites synthesized by filamentous bacteria and fungi
Respuesta
  • secondary
  • primary
  • tertiary

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
Which type of enzyme is found in washing powders?
Respuesta
  • Proteases
  • Amylases
  • Lipases
  • Cellulase

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
Which two enzymes are the main regulators of glucose breakdown?
Respuesta
  • Alpha amylase
  • Beta amylase
  • Delta amylase
  • Amyloglucosidase
  • Glucoamylase

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
[blank_start]Prokaryotes[blank_end] are organisms made up of cells that lack a cell nucleus or any membrane-encased organelles. [blank_start]Eukaryotes[blank_end] are organisms made up of cells that possess a membrane-bound nucleus that holds genetic material as well as membrane-bound organelles.
Respuesta
  • Eukaryotes
  • Prokaryotes

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
Prokaryote or Eukaryote? Archaea = [blank_start]Prokaryote[blank_end] Fungi = [blank_start]Eukaryote[blank_end] Protozoa = [blank_start]Eukaryote[blank_end] Algae = [blank_start]Eukaryote[blank_end] Bacteria = [blank_start]Prokaryote[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • Prokaryote
  • Eukaryote
  • Prokaryote
  • Eukaryote
  • Eukaryote
  • Prokaryote
  • Eukaryote
  • Prokaryote
  • Eukaryote
  • Prokaryote

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
There are 3 types of Archaea: [blank_start]Halophiles[blank_end] - Adapted to environments with high salt concentrations [blank_start]Methanogens[blank_end] - Archaea which produce methane [blank_start]Thermophiles[blank_end] - Adapted to environments with extremely high temperatures
Respuesta
  • Halophiles
  • Methanogens
  • Thermophiles

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
Thermus Aquaticus gives rise to which useful genetic enzyme? [blank_start]Taq Polymerase[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • Taq Polymerase

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
Almost all industrial bacteria are members of which two subgroups of Eubacteria?
Respuesta
  • Proteobacteria
  • Gram Positive Eubacteria
  • Chlamydia
  • Cyanobacteria
  • Spirochetes

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
One of the defining features of prokaryotic organisms is membrane bound organelles
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
The genetic material of Prokaryotes is typically found within [blank_start]a single circular chromosome of DNA[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • a single circular chromosome of DNA
  • multiple parallel chromosomes
  • a number of interconnected plasmids

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
Prokaryotes conduct cell division via [blank_start]binary fission[blank_end] Eukaryotes conduct cell division via [blank_start]mitosis[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • mitosis
  • binary fission
  • binary fission
  • mitosis

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
Gram [blank_start]positive[blank_end] organisms have 1 cell membrane and a thick layer of peptidoglycan Gram [blank_start]negative[blank_end] organisms have 2 cell membranes and a thin layer of peptidoglycan in between
Respuesta
  • negative
  • positive
  • positive
  • negative

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
The inner membrane of a gram negative organism is also known as the [blank_start]cytoplasmic[blank_end] membrane
Respuesta
  • cytoplasmic

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
[blank_start]Escherichia coli[blank_end] is a gram negative bacterium which is a facultative anaerobe commonly used in the production of heterologous industrial microorganisms [blank_start]Bacillus Subtilis[blank_end] is a gram positive bacterium which is a facultative anaerobe commonly used in the production of industrial enzymes such as amylases and proteases
Respuesta
  • Bacillus Subtilis
  • Escherichia Coli
  • Escherichia Coli
  • Bacillus Subtilis

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
Eukaryotes are typically [blank_start]larger[blank_end] than prokaryotes
Respuesta
  • larger
  • smaller

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
In eukaryotes, the nucleus is usually bound within a [blank_start]double membrane[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • double membrane
  • single membrane

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
The cell walls of eukaryotes consist mainly of [blank_start]cellulose[blank_end] The cell walls of fungi consist mainly of [blank_start]chitin[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • chitin
  • cellulose

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
What are the two broad subgroups of Fungi? (alphabetical order, plural) [blank_start]Molds[blank_end] [blank_start]Yeasts[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • Molds
  • Yeasts

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
Match the subtype of Fungi to its structure: Mold - [blank_start]Filamentous Hyphae[blank_end] Yeast - [blank_start]Unicellular[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • Filamentous Hyphae
  • Unicellular

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
Which of the four main classes of Fungi contain the Yeasts?
Respuesta
  • Phycomycetes
  • Ascomycetes
  • Basidomycetes
  • Deuteromycetes

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
Microorganisms can be classified into two broad categories based on their energy source: [blank_start]Chemotrophs[blank_end] = Obtain energy by oxidation of organic or inorganic molecules [blank_start]Phototrophs[blank_end] = Obtains energy via light Microorganisms can also be classified into two groups based on their carbon source: [blank_start]Heterotrophs[blank_end] = Utilise a wide range of organic molecules as their carbon source [blank_start]Autotrophs[blank_end] = Utilise CO2 as their sole or primary carbon source
Respuesta
  • Autotrophs
  • Heterotrophs
  • Phototrophs
  • Chemotrophs

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
Most fermentation reactions are [blank_start]heterotrophic[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • heterotrophic
  • autotrophic

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
[blank_start]Prototrophs[blank_end] are microorganisms that can grow on minimal media containing only carbon and energy sources and basic mineral elements [blank_start]Auxotrophs[blank_end] are microorganisms that require additional organic substances such as amino acids or vitamins
Respuesta
  • Prototrophs
  • Auxotrophs

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
Microbial Growth Kinetics: [blank_start]Batch growth[blank_end] = Closed system whereby all nutrients are present at the start of the process. [blank_start]Fed-batch growth[blank_end] = Fresh medium is added as the reaction progresses but no old medium is removed. [blank_start]Continuous growth[blank_end] = Fresh medium is continuously fed into the fermentation vessel but used medium is removed at the same rate, creating optimum conditions for growth.
Respuesta
  • Continuous growth
  • Fed-batch growth
  • Batch growth
  • Intermittent growth

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
The main difference between Fed-batch and Continuous growth is that: In [blank_start]Fed batch growth[blank_end] the overall volume increases as the reaction progresses In [blank_start]Continuous growth[blank_end] the overall volume remains constant throughout the reaction
Respuesta
  • Continuous growth
  • Fed batch growth
  • Fed batch growth
  • Continuous growth

Pregunta 29

Pregunta
What are the four growth phases of a microorganism? [blank_start]Lag[blank_end] Phase: This initial phase is characterized by cellular activity but not growth. Cells are placed in media which allows them to synthesize proteins and other molecules necessary for replication however they do not actually divide. [blank_start]Exponential[blank_end] Phase: This is the time when the cells are dividing by binary fission and doubling in numbers after each generation time. [blank_start]Stationary[blank_end] Phase: Available nutrients become depleted and waste products start to accumulate. Bacterial cell growth reaches a plateau, or stationary phase, where the number of dividing cells equal the number of dying cells. [blank_start]Death[blank_end] Phase: As nutrients become less available and waste products increase, the number of dying cells continues to rise. The number of living cells decreases exponentially and population growth experiences a sharp decline.
Respuesta
  • Death
  • Stationary
  • Exponential
  • Lag

Pregunta 30

Pregunta
In which growth phase are antibiotics typically most effective? (See description for details)
Respuesta
  • Lag
  • Exponential (Log)
  • Stationary
  • Death

Pregunta 31

Pregunta
Primary metabolism produces products essential for growth and replication. This comprises the [blank_start]Lag and Exponential[blank_end] Phases and is also known as [blank_start]Trophophase[blank_end]. Secondary metabolism produces products important in ecological and other activities of the cell. This comprises the [blank_start]Stationary and Death[blank_end] Phases and is also known as [blank_start]Idiophase[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • Trophophase
  • Idiophase
  • Stationary and Death
  • Lag and Exponential

Pregunta 32

Pregunta
Antibiotics are produced by the [blank_start]secondary metabolism[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • secondary metabolism
  • primary metabolism

Pregunta 33

Pregunta
The 'Disadvantages of Batch Fermentation' slide (slide 37) seems very examinable. This could easily come up as 'Compare and contrast the different methods of fermentation' e.g. comparing batch and fed-batch to continuous. Go over and remember a few of the differences, such as: - Batch fermentation means that the system never achieves a steady state due to the constantly changing conditions of the environment. - Batch fermentation involves a lot of practical steps and procedures which gives more room for human error and contamination - Theoretically, the exponential phase in a continuous culture can be extended indefinitely as if you keep providing new material and removing old, used culture material the organism will never run out of nutrients. Click 'True' to continue.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False
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