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Chapter 11: The Origins and Evolution of Early Homo

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Biological Anthropology Test sobre Chapter 11: The Origins and Evolution of Early Homo, creado por heather kuebler el 23/11/2019.
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Pregunta 1

Pregunta
What anatomical feature did Homo Habilis share with earlier australopithecine species?
Respuesta
  • a small brain
  • a large chewing complex
  • a large face and large jaws
  • short legs relative to arms

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
Where does Homo Naledi most likely fit into the human lineage?
Respuesta
  • an early taxon of the genus Homo
  • a late taxon of genus Homo
  • a descendant of Homo Erectus
  • actually an Australopithecine

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
Which of the following represents a skeletal adaptation of the Homo erectus that contributed to its fully modern walking?
Respuesta
  • longer legs and shorter arms
  • a more abducted big toe
  • loss of arches of the foot
  • decreased body height

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
Which of the following is not a Homo Erectus behavioral innovation?
Respuesta
  • long-distance hunting and walking
  • controlled use of fire for cooking
  • production of symbolic material culture
  • migration outside of Africa to Asia and Europe

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
The rapid increases in Homo Erectus body and brain size are most likely linked to which diets?
Respuesta
  • a high-fiber diet of fruits and vegetables
  • a high-fiber diet of grasses and seeds
  • a high-protein diet of raw meat
  • a high-protein diet of cooked meat

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
Ernst Haeckel, the famous German anatomist of the nineteenth century, argued that the orangutan is anatomically more similar to humans than are any of the nonhuman African apes. This led to
Respuesta
  • changing the species name for humans, temporarily, from Homo sapiens to Pithecanthropus sapiens.
  • the search for early human remains in the East African Rift Valley.
  • Charles Darwin’s inspiration to change his theory of human origins.
  • Eugene Dubois’s inspiration to search for the earliest human ancestors in Asia.

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
During the period 2.5–1.0 mya
Respuesta
  • several hominins, including but not limited to Homo erectus, Homo habilis, and various Australopithecine species, were alive at overlapping time periods, just as earlier periods saw several species of Australopithecine alive at once
  • the great diversity of hominins known from earlier periods was quickly trimmed down so only Homo erectus existed, alone, for most of that time.
  • there were two species of early hominin, Homo habilis living in Africa and Homo erectus living in Asia.
  • there was one widespread species of hominin, Homo erectus, with so much variation that early anthropologists thought there were several species existing side by side.

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
Homo erectus fossils date to
Respuesta
  • 3–1 mya.
  • 2.5–0.5 mya.
  • 1.8 mya–300,000 yBP.
  • 1.2 mya–800,000 yBP.

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
Dubois’s Pithecanthropus erectus finds consisted of
Respuesta
  • only skull fragments, so it was not known if Pithecanthropus erectus was bipedal.
  • only leg and other body fragments, so it was not known if Pithecanthropus erectus had a human-size brain.
  • a molar, a partial skull, and a femur, which indicated that Pithecanthropus erectus walked only partially upright, but had a human-size brain.
  • a molar, a partial skull, and a femur, which indicated that Pithecanthropus erectus walked much like a modern human but had a brain intermediate in size between a modern human and a typical nonhuman ape.

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
Homo erectus differed from earlier hominids in having traits such
Respuesta
  • a smaller brain.
  • larger teeth
  • a bigger sagittal keel.
  • a larger brain

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
What are the differences between Homo habilis and Homo
Respuesta
  • Homo habilis shows a reduction in the size of the face relative to the brain case.
  • Homo erectus shows a reduction in the size of the face relative to the brain case.
  • Homo habilis generally has a greater brain capacity than Homo erectus.
  • Homo erectus generally has a smaller brain capacity than Homo habilis.

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
Homo erectus’s cranial capacity
Respuesta
  • is always less than 1,000 cc.
  • is always more than 800 cc
  • ranges from 650 cc to 1,200 cc.
  • ranges from 900 cc to 1,200 cc.

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
Homo erectus’s high degree of adaptive success is evidenced by its
Respuesta
  • increased reliance on material culture
  • apparent increased intelligence.
  • reliance on unchanging environments.
  • increased reliance on material culture and apparent increased intelligence.

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
Bodo and Daka hominins are ________; Dmanisi is ________.
Respuesta
  • Asian; African
  • European; African
  • African; Asian
  • African; European

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
Some Homo erectus specimens had very large and robust bones while others
Respuesta
  • small with robust bones.
  • tall with robust bones.
  • gracile.
  • small with thin bones.

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
The first evidence of modern human traits, including increasing brain size and dependence on material culture, shows up in Homo
Respuesta
  • erectus.
  • sapiens.
  • neanderthalensis
  • habilis.

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
Compared to australopithecines, Homo habilis is characterized by a
Respuesta
  • smaller face.
  • bigger brain.
  • rounder and larger skull.
  • smaller face; bigger brain; and a rounder, larger skull.

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
Homo erectus migrated
Respuesta
  • first to Europe, then across Asia, reaching southeast Asia last.
  • from Asia to Europe, then Africa.
  • from Asia to Africa, then Europe.
  • from Africa to western Asia, then southeast Asia, and later to east Asia and Europe.

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
The discoverer of Homo erectus was
Respuesta
  • Louis Leakey
  • Richard Leakey
  • Eugène Dubois.
  • Ernst Haeckel.

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
Homo rudolfensis and Homo habilis are
Respuesta
  • both forms of Homo erectus.
  • often considered the same species and immediately ancestral to Homo sapiens.
  • often combined into one species, which is called Homo habilis.
  • often combined into one species, which is called Australopithecus robustus.

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
The Nariokotome boy discovered at Lake Turkana (Homo erectus) has modern human traits such as
Respuesta
  • shorter arms and longer legs than those of earlier hominids.
  • retention of an australopithecine-like body plan
  • longer legs than later hominids.
  • a mix of arboreal and bipedal adaptations.

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
Homo erectus walked just like a modern human, with traits like
Respuesta
  • long legs and opposable toes.
  • double arches and an adducted big toe.
  • long arms.
  • a foramen magnum at the back of the skull.

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
Homo erectus walked just like a modern human, with traits like
Respuesta
  • long legs and opposable toes.
  • double arches and an adducted big toe.
  • long arms.
  • a foramen magnum at the back of the skull.

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
Stone tools are more commonly found on archaeological sites thought to be associated with
Respuesta
  • Ardipithecus.
  • Paranthropus.
  • Australopithecus.
  • Homo habilis.
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