Pregunta 1
Pregunta
What is the mediastinum?
Respuesta
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The central compartment of the thoracic cavity between the two pleural sacs
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The posterior compartment of the thoracic cavity behind the two pleural sacs
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The abdominal cavity
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The opening into the thorax bound by the first thoracic vertebra and first ribs
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the regions of the mediastinum.
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
The superior thoracic aperture might also be referred to as the 'thoracic inlet', which is unusual because 'thoracic outlet' syndromes occur there.
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
What is the superior thoracic aperture bound by?
Respuesta
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T1, inside of first rib, superior border of manubrium
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T1, inside of first rib, sternal angle
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T2, inside of second rib, sternal angle
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T1, inside of second rib, xiphisternum
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
The suprapleural membrane arches over the superior thoracic aperture to seal the neck from the thoracic cavity. Where is the suprapleural membrane found?
Respuesta
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Between C7 and the first rib
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Between C1 and the first rib
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Between T1 and the first rib
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Between T1 and the second rib
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the superior thoracic aperture. The suprapleural membrane is shown in green.
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
What forms the boundaries of the inferior thoracic aperture/thoracic outlet
Respuesta
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Costal margin, tip of the 11th rib, inferior border of 12th rib, T12
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Costal margin, T12
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Inferior border of the 12th rib, T12
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Costal margin, tip of the 11th rib, inferior border of 12th rib, L1
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Where is the theoretical line that divides the mediastinum into superior and inferior compartments?
Respuesta
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Between the sternal angle and T4
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Between the jugular notch and C7
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Between the sternal angle and T2
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Between the xiphisternum and T7
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the borders of the superior mediastinum.
SUPERIOR - [blank_start]thoracic inlet[blank_end]
INFERIOR - continuous with the inferior mediastinum at the level of [blank_start]the sternal angle[blank_end]
ANTERIOR - [blank_start]manubrium[blank_end] of the sternum
POSTERIOR - vertebral bodies of [blank_start]T1-T4[blank_end]
LATERAL - [blank_start]pleurae of the lungs[blank_end]
Respuesta
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thoracic inlet
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base of the skull
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the sternal angle
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T7
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C1
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manubrium
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body
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xiphoid process
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T1-T4
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C1-T1
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T1-T7
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pleurae of the lungs
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Which of the following vessels will you find in the superior mediastinum?
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Which of the following nerves will you find in the superior mediastinum?
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Which of the following structures will you find in the superior mediastinum?
Respuesta
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Thymus gland
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Trachea
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Oesophagus
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Thoracic duct
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Diaphragm
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Stomach
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Heart
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Which of the following muscles will you find in the superior mediastinum?
Respuesta
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Sternohyoid
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Sternothyroid
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Longus colli
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Anterior scalene
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Posterior scalene
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Sternocleidomastoid
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct answers to label the neurovasculature of the superior mediastinum.
Respuesta
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Right reccurent laryngeal nerve
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Anterior scalene
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Right phrenic nerve
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Brachiocephalic trunk
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Left subclavian vein
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Left subclavian artery
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Left internal jugular vein
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Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
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Left common carotid artery
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the veins found in the mediastinum.
Respuesta
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Left superior intercostal vein
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Accessory hemiazygos vein
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Communication between azygos/hemiazygos
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Azygos vein
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Arch of azygos
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Superior vena cava
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Right superior intercostal vein
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Intercostal veins
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the arteries of the thoracic cage.
Respuesta
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Supreme intercostal artery
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Costocervical trunk
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subclavian artery
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Posterior intercostal artery
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Collateral branch
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Musculophrenic artery
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Superior epigastric artery
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Anterior intercostal artery
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Anterior perforating branches
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Internal thoracic artery
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Aorta
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the borders of the anterior mediastinum.
LATERAL: [blank_start]mediastinal pleura[blank_end]
ANTERIOR: [blank_start]body[blank_end] of the sternum and [blank_start]transversus thoracis[blank_end]
POSTERIOR: [blank_start]pericardium[blank_end]
ROOF: continuous with superior mediastinum at the level of [blank_start]the sternal angle[blank_end]
FLOOR: [blank_start]diaphragm[blank_end]
Respuesta
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mediastinal pleura
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costal pleura
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diaphragmatic pleura
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body
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xiphoid process
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manubrium
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transversus thoracis
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pericardium
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oesophagus
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diaphragm
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the sternal angle
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T5
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C1
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
The anterior mediastinum contains no major structures.
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
What extends inferiorly into the anterior mediastinum in children?
Respuesta
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Thymus
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Pericardium
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Right lung
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Oesophagus
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the borders of the middle mediastinum.
ANTERIOR: [blank_start]anterior margin of pericardium[blank_end]
POSTERIOR: [blank_start]posterior border of pericardium[blank_end]
LATERAL: [blank_start]mediastinal pleura[blank_end]
SUPERIOR: theoretical line between sternal angle and [blank_start]T4[blank_end]
INFERIOR: superior surface of [blank_start]diaphragm[blank_end]
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Which of the following occur in the middle mediastinum?
Respuesta
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Heart
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Tracheal bifurcation
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Thymus
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Oesophagus
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Lungs
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Which of the following vessels will you find in the middle mediastinum?
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Which of the following nerveswill you find in the middle mediastinum?
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Which lymph nodes will you find in the middle mediastinum?
Respuesta
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Tracheobronchial
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Coeliac
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Right gastroepiploic
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Thoracic duct
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the borders of the posterior mediastinum.
LATERAL: [blank_start]mediastinal pleura[blank_end]
ANTERIOR: [blank_start]pericardium[blank_end]
POSTERIOR: [blank_start]T5-T12 vertebrae[blank_end]
ROOF: theoretical line between the sternal angle and [blank_start]T4[blank_end]
FLOOR: [blank_start]diaphragm[blank_end]
Respuesta
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mediastinal pleura
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pericardium
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T5-T12 vertebrae
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T4-T7
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T1-T4
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T4
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T1
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T12
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diaphragm
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stomach
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Which of the following vessels will you find in the posterior mediastinum?
Respuesta
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Thoracic aorta
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Posterior intercostal arteries
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Bronchial arteries
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Oesophageal arteries
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Superior phrenic arteries
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Azygos vein
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Hemiazygos vein
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Accessory hemiazygos vein
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Coeliac trunk
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Superior vena cava
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the thoracic aorta.
Respuesta
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Deep cervical artery
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Costocervical trunk
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1st rib
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Supreme intercostal artery
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Ligamentum arteriosum
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Coronary arteries
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Mediastinal branches
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Pericardial branches
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Diaphragm
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Superior phrenic arteries
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Coeliac trunk
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Subcostal artery
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Posterior intercostal arteries
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Oesophageal arteries
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Thoracic aorta
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Brocnhial arteries
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Where will you find the oesophagus?
Respuesta
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Posterior mediastinum
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Anterior mediastinum
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Superior mediastinum
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Middle mediastinum
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Which of the following vessels occur in the posterior mediastinum?
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
The thoracic duct occurs in the posterior mediastinum.