Question 1
Question
Inspired air is almost 100% saturated with water in the nasal cavity.
Question 2
Question
What is the anterior nares?
Answer
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Anterior opening of nose
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Opening of the nasal cavity into the pharynx
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The folds of the nasal cavity wall
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The region of the pharynx behind the nasal cavity
Question 3
Question
What is the posterior nares?
Answer
-
The anterior opening of the nose
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The opening of the nose into the pharynx
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The region of the pharynx behind the nasal cavity
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The folds of the nasal cavity wall
Question 4
Question
Both the mouth and nose open into the pharynx.
Question 5
Question
Label this image to show the regions of the pharynx. Note how this image shows how both the mouth and nose open up into the pharynx.
Answer
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Nasopharynx
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Oropharynx
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Laryngopharynx
Question 6
Question
What are the nasal conchae?
Answer
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Folds of the nasal cavity wall
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Blood vessels in the nasal cavity wall
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The two anterior openings of the nose (nostrils)
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The posterior opening of the nose
Question 7
Question
What is the purpose of the nasal conchae and the blood vessels being close to the mucosa of the nasal cavity?
Question 8
Question
Which part of the pharynx would you find an opening to the middle ear?
Answer
-
Nasopharynx
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Oropharynx
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Laryngopharynx
Question 9
Question
The larynx acts as a sphincter that prevents food and fluid from entering the airway.
Question 10
Question
What is the carina?
Answer
-
The ridge of cartilage between the two main bronchi
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The rings of cartilage that make up the trachea
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The folds of the walls of the nasal cavity
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The region of the pharynx occurring behind the mouth
Question 11
Question
Which bronchus has a smaller and at more of an angle, making it more vulnerable to aspiration?
Question 12
Question
Which is true of the branching of the bronchi?
Answer
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Progressively less cartilage and more muscle as branching continues
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Progressively less muscle and more cartilage as branching continues
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Simple epithelium becomes stratified columnar epithelium as branching continues
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Progressively fewer alveoli as branching continues
Question 13
Question
Which is true of the organisation of the bronchi?
Answer
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3 lobar bronchi in the right lung, 2 lobar bronchi in the left lung
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2 lobar bronchi in the right lung, 3 lobar bronchi in the left lung
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1 lobar bronchus in each lung
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2 lobar bronchi in each lung
Question 14
Question
Label this diagram to show the divisions of the bronchi.
Answer
-
Trachea
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Main bronchus
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Lobar bronchus
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Segmental bronchus
Question 15
Question
Which of the following describes respiratory epithelium?
Answer
-
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
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Pseudostratified ciliated squamous epithelium
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Stratified squamous non-keratinising epithelium
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Simple ciliated columnar epithelium
Question 16
Question
Where do the bronchial arteries branch off?
Answer
-
Descending aorta
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Aortic arch
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Left pulmonary vein
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Right pulmonary artery
Question 17
Question
Which is true of the bronchial arteries?
Answer
-
Three branches on left, one on right
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Three branches on right, one on left
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One branch on left, one branch on right
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Two branches on left, two branches on right
Question 18
Question
Fill in the blanks to label the pulmonary vasculature.
Answer
-
Pulmonary artery
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Pulmonary vein
-
Bronchial artery
Question 19
Question
There are goblet cells and serous glands in the respiratory epithelium. What do serous glands secrete?
Answer
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Watery fluid containing antibacterial enzyme
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Watery fluid containing macrophages and white blood cells
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Watery fluid containing mast cells
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Thick mucous
Question 20
Question
Where do the cilia in the respiratory tract move bacteria-laden mucus to?
Answer
-
The stomach
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The mouth
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The nasal sinuses
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The middle ear
Question 21
Question
Macrophages are destroyed in the stomach after they have engulfed bacteria.
Question 22
Question
What do mast cells release?
Answer
-
Histamine
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Vasopressin
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Angiotensin II
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Macrophages
Question 23
Question
What does histamine do?
Answer
-
Reduces the lumen of the airway in the presence of a toxin
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Increases the lumen of the airway in the presence of a toxin
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Triggers the cough reflex in the presence of a toxin
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Stimulate the formation of cilia on the epithelial cells
Question 24
Question
What does the hypothalamus change breathing in response to?
Answer
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Pain and emotions
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Blood chemistry (e.g. pCO2)
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Contraction of the muscles
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Stretch of the parietal pleura
Question 25
Question
What is proprioception?
Question 26
Question
What do the C-receptors detect?
Question 27
Question
Where are the receptors for the cough reflex found?
Answer
-
Larynx
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Trachea
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Bronchi
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Alveoli
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Bronchioles
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Nasal cavity
Question 28
Question
Where do afferent fibres from the cough reflex integrate?
Answer
-
Medulla
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Pons
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Hypothalamus
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Posterior pituitary
Question 29
Question
Which is the afferent pathway in the cough reflex?
Question 30
Question
Which of the following are efferent nerves of the cough reflex?
Question 31
Question
The trachealis is involved in the cough reflex.
Question 32
Question
Label this image to show the anatomy of the larynx.
Answer
-
Epiglottis
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Thyroid cartilage
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Arytenoid cartilages
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Cricoid cartilage
Question 33
Question
Label this image of the larynx from inside the mouth.
Answer
-
False vocal fold
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True vocal fold
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Epiglottis
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Vestibular fold
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Vocal fold
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Glottis
-
Arytenoid cartilage
Question 34
Question
Label this coronal section of the larynx.
Answer
-
Trachea
-
Cricoid cartilage
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Vestibular fold
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Vocal fold
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Thyroid cartilage
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Epiglottis
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Hyoid bone
Question 35
Question
Label this section of the trachea.
Answer
-
Trachealis muscle
-
Oesophagus
-
Mucosa
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Submucosa
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Hyaline cartilage
-
Adventitia
Question 36
Question
What type of connective tissue occurs in the adventitia of the trachea?
Answer
-
Areolar
-
Mesenchymal
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Adipose
-
Cartilage
Question 37
Question
Drag and drop the correct labels to each of the below positions of the larynx.
Answer
-
Rotation of arytenoids
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Abduction of arytenoids
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Used for whispering
Question 38
Question
Label this image to show the anatomy of the larynx, in particular the membranes.
Answer
-
Thyrohyoid membrane
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Median hyrohydroid ligament
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Internal laryngeal nerve
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Superior laryngeal artery
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Lateral thyrohyroid ligament
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Median cricothyroid ligament
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Cricothyroid membrane
-
Cricotracheal ligament
Question 39
Question
What do you puncture in a laryngotomy?
Answer
-
Cricothyroid membrane
-
Thyrohyoid membrane
-
Thyroid cartilage
-
Epiglottis
Question 40
Question
Why is it dangerous to perform a laryngotomy on an individual with three thyroid gland lobes?
Answer
-
Artery runs up midline of lobe
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Vein runs up midline of lobe
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Damage to the thyroid gland can be fatal
-
The thyroid gland lies superior to the thyroid cartilage
Question 41
Question
Label this diagram to show the innervation of the larynx.