24361669
Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Which of the following is not a sign of acute inflammation?
Respuesta
-
Pain
-
Functio Laesa
-
Swelling
-
Erythema
-
Warmth
-
Angiogenesis
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
List the main components of the 1st (vascular) phase of acute inflammation.
Respuesta
-
Vascular dilation --> smooth muscle relaxation --> endothelial cell contraction --> increase in vascular permeability
-
Smooth muscle relaxation --> vascular dilation --> endothelial cell contraction --> increase in vascular permeability
-
Endothelial cell contraction --> increase in vascular permeability --> vascular dilation --> smooth muscle relaxation
-
Endothelial cell contraction --> increase in vascular permeability --> smooth muscle relaxation --> vascular dilation
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Bradykinin has effects similar to histamine, but these effects become evident later in the inflammation process.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Your patient has been bitten by a venomous snake. You would expect activation of the complement cascade through which pathway?
Respuesta
-
Classical pathway
-
Alternative pathway
-
Lectin pathway
-
Complement pathway
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Nitric oxide, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, cytokines and PAF are all examples of
Respuesta
-
Plasma-derived mediators of inflammation
-
Cell-derived mediators of inflammation
-
Complement-derived mediators of inflammation
-
Lymphocyte-derived mediators of inflammation
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
The process by which leukocytes are marginalized and become attached to the endothelium of vessels is called
Respuesta
-
Margination
-
Pavementing
-
Exudation
-
Diapedesis
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
IL-1 and TNF are the primary endogenous pyrogens released from leukocytes or macrophages
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Which major cell types would you expect to see in the 3rd (organization) stage of wound healing and repair?
Respuesta
-
Activated macrophages
-
Endothelial cells
-
Fibroblasts
-
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Wound healing by first/primary intention includes: formation of a scab, scavenger action of PMNs, formation of granulation tissue, and scarring.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
With persistent injury that leads to chronic inflammation,
Respuesta
-
the symptoms are prominent
-
CT proliferation occurs as inflammation subsides
-
Exudate is comprised of neutrophils
-
Exudate is comprised of lymphocytes and macrophages
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
A patient's kidney was affected by inflammation for 2-3 months. What type of cells would you expect to see in the tissue?
Respuesta
-
Lymphocytes
-
Macrophages
-
Fibroblastic scarring
-
Plasma cells
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
You are observing tissue slides and see many multinucleated giant cells. What underlying reaction/inflammation probably caused this?
Respuesta
-
Granulomatous
-
Ulcerative
-
Pseudomembranous
-
Acute
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Which of the following chemotaxins are endogenous?
Respuesta
-
Necrotic cells
-
Fibrinopeptides
-
Lipopolysaccharide
-
IL-8
-
LTB4
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Under ____ conditions, phagocytosis involves a respiratory burst and killing by way of free radicals. This form of phagocytosis _____ contained within the cell.
Respuesta
-
anaerobic; is
-
anaerobic; is not
-
aerobic; is
-
aerobic; is not
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Macrophages appear at the site of inflammation 3-4 days after onset of infection/trauma and are typically present in chronic inflammation.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Which of the following pathologies are characterized by serous inflammation, the mildest form of inflammation?
Respuesta
-
Purulent tracheobronchitis
-
Peptic ulcer
-
2nd degree burn
-
Strep throat
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Which of the following complication(s) are associated with granulomas?
Respuesta
-
Bleeding from eroded blood vessels into cavities
-
Fibrosis
-
Chronic persistence
-
Pseudomembranous inflammation
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Which of the following cell types do not divide regularly, but can be stimulated to divide if necessary?
Respuesta
-
Stable cells
-
Labile cells
-
Permanent cells
-
Mitotic cells
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Which of the following is not a factor that can significantly delay wound healing?
Respuesta
-
Site of the wound
-
Mechanical factors
-
Age
-
Nurtritional factors
-
Vitamin C intake
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
You observe the following signs in your patient: leukocytosis, fever, increased CRP and increased ESR. What causes the increase in hepatic synthesis of CRP?
Respuesta
-
Cytokines, mainly IL-6 and IL-1.
-
Cytokines, mainly IL-8
-
PGE1 and IL-1
-
Insulin synthesis
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
In early wound organization of granulation tissue you would likely see
Respuesta
-
Proliferation of fibroblasts
-
Dense collagen sclerosis
-
Neovascularization
-
Fibronectin synthesis
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Albumin, synthesized by the liver and pancreas, is the major protein generating vascular oncotic pressure.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Non-inflammatory edema is characterized by
Respuesta
-
Increased endothelial permeability
-
Transudate
-
Exudate
-
Increased colloid osmotic pressure
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Which of the below options are clinical examples of edema?
Respuesta
-
Cirrhosis of the liver
-
CHF
-
Nephrotic syndrome
-
Lymphatic obstruction
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Blushing of the cheeks is an example of passive hyperemia.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
A "nutmeg" liver is the result of
Respuesta
-
hepatic congestion due to left heart failure
-
one too many "cinnamon challenges"
-
hepatic congestion due to right heart failure
-
hepatic steatosis
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Factors increasing one's risk for hemorrhage include:
Respuesta
-
severe increase in platelets
-
coagulation factor deficiency
-
capillary fragility
-
platelet dysfunction
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Metrorrhagia is defined as profound menstrual bleeding and is considered a form of hemorrhage.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Arterial rupture is often due to weakening of the vessel walls and venous rupture is often due to injury.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
A 65-year-old female alcoholic is found to have sever liver cirrhosis and facial edema. Which of the following directly contributes to this form of edema?
Respuesta
-
Decreased lymphatic flow
-
Decreased oncotic pressure
-
Increased venous pressure
-
Decreased arterial pressure
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Which of the following substances provides a framework for a clot?
Respuesta
-
Thrombin
-
RBCs
-
Plasmin
-
Fibrin
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
A healthcare worker develops a small thrombus in their lower leg. What is the most likely fate of the thrombus?
Respuesta
-
Embolize to the heart
-
Lysis and resolution
-
Embolize to the lungs
-
Organization and extension
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
A 70-year-old male has a hard time catching his breath and has a dry cough that worsens at night. Diffuse pulmonary edema is noted. The cause of this patient's edema is right-sided heart failure.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Twin brothers present to your ED with acute conditions; one with volvulus and one with testicular torsion. With respect to the damaged tissues, you would expect to see a RED infarct in these cases.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
You are a pathology PA are looking at an area of tissue that looks to be consistent with a pale/white infarct that is mottled. Which of the following injuries/mechanisms could explain this?
Respuesta
-
Pulmonary infarction that is now receiving blood from bronchial arteries
-
Hepatic infarction perfused by collateral vessels after a few days
-
Myocardial infarction perfused by collateral vessels after a few days
-
This description is highly unlikely
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
A patient, known to be in shock, is hypotensive, acidotic, and has oliguria. What stage of shock is the patient probably in?
Respuesta
-
Compensated
-
Decompensated
-
Irreversible
-
Cardiogenic
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
A paradoxical embolus is a venous embolus that travels to the arterial circulation via the foramen ovale or interventricular septal defect.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
Intravascular coagulation is the result of the interaction of which factors?
Respuesta
-
Coagulation proteins
-
Hemodynamic changes
-
Platelets
-
Endothelial cells
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Virchow's triad comprises the three predisposing conditions for pathologic thrombi including: endothelial cell injury, hypocoagulability of the blood and hemodynamic changes.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Alternating bands of RBCs and platelets/fibrin, also known as Lines of Zahn, appear in venous clots due to the dynamic nature of blood flow.
Respuesta
- True
- False
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