3349416
Pregunta 1
Pregunta
What type of cellular adaptation is seen in this picture? (Hint: it's the prostate)
Respuesta
-
Hypertrophy
-
Hyperplasia
-
Metaplasia
-
Atrophy
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
What type of cellular adaptation is seen in this organ?
Respuesta
-
Hypertrophy
-
Hyperplasia
-
Metaplasia
-
Atrophy
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
The heart can undergo both hypertrophy and hyperplasia.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
What type of cellular adaptation is seen in this picture?
Respuesta
-
Hypertrophy
-
Hyperplasia
-
Metaplasia
-
Atrophy
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding metaplasia?
Respuesta
-
Most common change is columnar --> squamous
-
The new cell type is better capable of enduring the stressful environment
-
It is an irreversible process
-
It occurs in respiratory epithelium
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
The thyroid pictured on the right has undergone hyperplasia and hypertrophy.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Myocardial hypertrophy is always pathologic.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
This patient with tonsilitis shows cells that have undergone:
Respuesta
-
Hypertrophy
-
Hyperplasia
-
Metaplasia
-
Atrophy
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Vitamin A deficiency is associated with atrophy because the cells need Vitamin A for differentiation of specialized epithelium.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Which of the following is not associated with Hypoxemia?
Respuesta
-
Insufficient Oxygen
-
Ischemia
-
Hyperventilation
-
Pneumonia
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Budd-Chiari Syndrome is an example of hypoperfusion of the tissue with blood leading to reduced supply of oxygen and substrates for glycolysis.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Methemoglobinemia can cause hypoxemia by creating a ventilation perfusion mismatch.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT associated with reversible changes of cell injury.
Respuesta
-
Karyorrhexis
-
ER swelling
-
Plasma membrane blebbing
-
Myelin figures in the cytoplasm
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Which term best describes the nuclear changes shown?
Respuesta
-
Pyknosis: shrinkage and increased basophilia due to chromatin condensation
-
Karyorrhexis: fragmentation of pyknotic nuclei
-
Karyolysis: Decreased nuclear basophilia due to DNA degradation by nucleases
-
Loss of nuclei
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
What are the 2 main events that characterize irreversible cell injury ?
Respuesta
-
Disturbances in the membrane function and activation of the complement system
-
Glycogenolysis and increased pH in the interstitial fluid
-
Mitochondrial dysfunction and breakdown of cell membrane
-
Loss of microvilli and detachment of ribosomes from the ER
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
These hepatocytes have undergone reversible cell injury.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
What type of necrosis is demonstrated in these images?
Respuesta
-
Gangrenous
-
Coagulative
-
Fat
-
Caseous
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Liquefactive necrosis only occurs in the brain.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
What is the type of necrosis demonstrated by these images?
Respuesta
-
Liquefactive
-
Fat
-
Coagulative
-
Caseous
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Wet-gangrene is a superimposed bacterial infection in an area with necrosis due to loss of blood supply (coagulative necrosis).
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species?
Respuesta
-
Radiation
-
The electron transport chain
-
Leukocytes
-
Methylene blue
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Ischemia-Reperfusion injuries can happen when blood flow is restored to ischemic viable tissue which is reversibly injured.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Antioxidants, chelators, and catalase are all examples of mechanisms that can remove ROS
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Dystrophic calcification occurs in dead/dying tissues in the absence of systemic hypercalcemia. Cell loses ability to regulate intracellular calcium and crystalline calcium phosphate forms.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Which of the following is an exogenous pigment?
Respuesta
-
Hemosiderin
-
Lipofuscin
-
Carbon
-
Melanin
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Which disease of premature aging has mutation in LMNA gene. The defective protein Progerin accumulates in the nucleus. Male pattern baldness, atherosclerosis and CAD are common with lifespans less than 10 years.
Respuesta
-
Bernard Soulier
-
Hutchinson Guilford Progeria
-
Factor V Mutation/Leiden Mutation
-
Kleinfelter's Syndrome
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Werner Syndrome is a disease of premature aging due to a mutation in the WRN gene, which plays a role in telomere length maintenance and processing DNA damage.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Inflammation is a hallmark of apoptosis.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Which of the following are not associated with physiologic apoptosis?
Respuesta
-
The de-webbing of fingers during embryogenesis
-
The shedding of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle
-
The elimination of mutated genes that accumulate misfolded proteins
-
The elimination of self-reactive lymphocytes
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT a main pathway in the initiation of apoptosis
Respuesta
-
Mitochondrial
-
Death-receptor mediated
-
Ubiquitin degradation
-
Cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Uterine serous carcinoma is an aggressive cancer with a possible alteration of p53 in the pathogenesis. Mutated p53 is incapable of inducing apoptosis and therefore cells with damaged DNA can continue to proliferate and undergo malignant transformation.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Which of the following is not a trigger for inflammation?
Respuesta
-
Injury
-
Insult
-
Integrins
-
Infection
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Which of the following is a component of the acute inflammatory response?
Respuesta
-
Response time of days to years
-
Vascular proliferation and scarring
-
Fluid and plasma exudation
-
High specificity
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Which statement is incorrect?
Respuesta
-
Calor and rubor are caused by vasodilation
-
Tumor is due to decreased vascular permeability
-
Dolor is an outcome of the kinin cascade
-
Histamine release can cause rubor
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Which is incorrect regarding platelets?
Respuesta
-
They are formed from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow
-
They contain a pyknotic nuclei
-
They contain dense granules and alpha granules
-
They are part of the primary hemostatic plug
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Which cells are likely to be seen in an allergic reaction?
Respuesta
-
Mast Cells
-
Eosinophils
-
Macrophages
-
Lymphocytes
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
Which statement is correct regarding mast cells?
Respuesta
-
They have cytoplasmic granules with lysosomal enzymes, cytokines, and major basic protein
-
They are also called polymorphonuclear cells
-
They are widely distributed throughout connective tissue
-
They can differentiate into dendritic cells
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
Transudates are high in protein and come from inflammation.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Which is not a pathway in the complement system?
Respuesta
-
Classical Pathway
-
Alternative Pathway
-
Mitochondrial (Intrinsic) Pathway
-
Lectin Pathway
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Which factors are invovled with chemotaxis, recruitment and activation of leukocytes?
Respuesta
-
C3a & C5a
-
C5b complexs
-
C3a & C3b
-
IgG & IgM
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) results in complement-mediated lysis of RBCs due to which of the following mechanisms/defects?
Respuesta
-
Loss of Hageman Factor (Factor VII)
-
Deficiency of the C1 inhibitor
-
Excessive production of the Membrane Attack Complex
-
Deficient plama lectin the the mannose binding lectin pathway
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
Which of the following is not a step in leukocyte Recruitment?
Respuesta
-
Adhesion
-
Transmigration
-
Transformation
-
Margination
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
During the resolution phase of acute inflammation, neutrophils undergo apoptosis.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
The umbilical cord taking longer to separate after the baby is born may be a sign of Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
Impaired fusion of phagosome with lysosomes, disordered trafficking of organelles, giant granules in leukocytes, and neutropenia are all symptoms of Chediak-Higashi Syndrome.
Respuesta
- True
- False
¿Quieres crear tus propios Tests gratis con GoConqr? Más información.