4096554
Pregunta 1
Pregunta
_____ is the set of forces that initiates, directs, and makes people persist in their efforts to accomplish a goal.
Respuesta
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Persistence
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Attitude
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Self-management
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Compliance
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Motivation
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
_____ is the degree to which workers possess the knowledge, skills, and talent needed to do a job well.
Respuesta
-
Instrumentality
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Synergy
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Ability
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Valence
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Drive
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
_____ are factors beyond the control of individual employees, such as tools, policies, and resources that have an effect on job performance.
Respuesta
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Equitites
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Reinforcement contigencies
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Valences
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Referents
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Situational constraints
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
McClelland's Learned Needs Theory identifies three needs. They are the needs for _____.
Respuesta
-
power, achievement, and affiliation
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affiliation, existence, and power
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existence, relatedness, and growth
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power, self-actualization, and growth
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achievement, relatedness, and growth
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
On the basis of research evidence, the two basic categories of needs are _____.
Respuesta
-
physiological and psychological needs
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tangible and intangible needs
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extrinsic and intrinsic needs
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realized and unrealized needs
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higher-order and lower-order needs
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Which of the following statements is true of needs ?
Respuesta
-
Higher-order needs can be used to motivate people in any situation.
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Once lower-order needs are satisfied, it is easy for managers to predict which higher-order needs will motivate behavior.
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Higher-order needs will not motivate people as long as lower-order needs remain unsatisfied.
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The relative importance of various needs changes over time in a predictable pattern.
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Higher-order needs are only concerned with survival and security.
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
According to the model of work motivation and performance, an unsatisfied need produces _____.
Respuesta
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creativity
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selective perception
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competency
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tension
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efficiency
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Which of the following is an example of an extrinsic reward?
Respuesta
-
A sense of achievement
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A salary increase
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A pride from accomplishing a difficult task
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A chance to learn something new from a task
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A feeling of responsibility
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
_____ are the natural rewards associated with performing a task or activity for its own sake.
Respuesta
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Performance valences
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Intrinsic rewards
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Physiological rewards
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Motivational cues
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Extrinsic rewards
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Which of these methods will work best in motivating employees to increase their efforts?
Respuesta
-
Asking employees what their needs are then matching rewards to those needs
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Relying on the innate value of extrinsic rewards
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Satisfying higher-order needs first
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Setting reasonably high standards to stimulate employees to make use of their abilities
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Expecting employees' needs to remain stable over time
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
According to _____, people will be motivated at work when they perceive that they are being treated fairly.
Respuesta
-
Alderfer's ERG Theory
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Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory
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expectancy theory
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equity theory
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reinforcement theory
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Which of the following is a basic component of equity theory?
Respuesta
-
Reinforcement
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Exectancy
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Instrumentality
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Valences
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Referents
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
the two basic kinds of inequity are
Respuesta
-
intrinsic and extrinsic rewards
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balanced and unbalanced rewards
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underreward and overreward
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higher-order and lower-order inequities
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valence and instrumentality
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Which of the following factors is directly affected by perceived inequity?
Respuesta
-
Satisfaction
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Motivational direction
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Autonomy
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Cultural synergy
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Rewards
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
In equity theory, _____ is the perceived degree to which outcomes and rewards are fairly allocated.
Respuesta
-
procedural justice
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valence
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distributive justice
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equity
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process objectivity
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
_____ holds that people will be motivated to the extent to which they believe that their efforts will lead to good performance, that good performance will be rewarded, and that they will be offered attractive rewards.
Respuesta
-
Equity theory
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory
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Goal-setting theory
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Expectancy theory
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Reinforcement theory
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
According to the expectancy theory, ____ affect the conscious choices that people make about their motivation.
Respuesta
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valence, expectancy, and instrumentality
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equity, competency, and instrumentality
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expectancy, reinforcement, and instrumentality
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expectancy, equity, and reinforcement
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instrumentality, equity, and expectancy
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
In terms of expectancy theory, when _____ is strong, employees believe that their hard work and efforts will result in good performance, so they work harder.
Respuesta
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valence
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expectancy
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instrumentality
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synergy
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equity
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Reinforcement theory says that behavior is a function of _____.
Respuesta
-
conscious choices
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perception
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its consequences
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environment
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the situations in which it occurs
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
The two parts of reinforcement are ____.
Respuesta
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positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement
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interval reinforcement and ratio reinforcement
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reinforcement contingencies and schedules of reinforcement
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continuous reinforcement and intermittent reinforcement
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reinforcement temporality and reinforcement administration
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
_____ can increase the frequency of a particular behavior.
Respuesta
-
Punishment
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Positive reinforcement
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Referent power
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Extinction
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Underreward
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
_____ is a reinforcement strategy that weakens behavior by removing a positive consequence associated with the behavior.
Respuesta
-
Negative reinforcement
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Reinforcement reversal
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Extinction
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Positive reinforcement
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Punishment
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
In a(n) ____ reinforcement schedule, a consequence follows every instance of a behavior.
Respuesta
-
intermittent
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fixed ratio
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variable ratio
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continuous
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variable interval
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
According to business professor Fred Luthans, one of the steps to motivating workers with reinforcement theory is "identify" that means:
Respuesta
-
studying causes and consequences of performance-related behaviors.
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determining the baseline frequencies of performance-related behaviors.
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assessing the extent to which an intervention actually changes workers' behavior.
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singling out critical, observable, performance-related behaviors.
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changing organization by using positive and negative reinforcement to increase the frequency of critical behaviors.
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT a basic component of goal-setting theory?
Respuesta
-
Goal specificity
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Goal difficulty
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Goal congruity
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Goal acceptance
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Performance feedback
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