LESSON 17: PYRUVATE AND CAC

The outer mitochondrial membrane is crossed by facilitated diffusion by cotransport with a proton

Pyruvate is going to be transformed into Acetyl coenzyme A and one molecule of CO2

The oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate is catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is constituted by 3 different kind of enzymes and 5 different coenzymes

The pyruvate that is formed in glycolysis will be transferred into mitochondrial matrix

1.) Enzyme 1 contains TPP as coenzyme and it is involved in the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate

2.) Enzyme 2 contains Lipoamide that is involved in the transfer of one hydroxyethyl group to CoA

3.) Enzyme 3 contains as coenzyme FAD and it is involved in the regeneration of oxidative form of lipoamide

1.) and 3.) are both true

All are true

PDH will be active when is not phosphorylated and when levels of NADH and Acetyl CoA are low.

PDH will be active when is phosphorylated and when levels of NADH and Acetyl CoA are low.

PDH will be active when is not phosphorylated and when levels of NADH and Acetyl CoA are high.

PDH will be active when is phosphorylated and when levels of NADH and Acetyl CoA are high.

Any of these

CAC is cycle and it takes place in mitochondria

CAC is one pathway that is used in the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids and lipids

It is responsible of the production of 1 third of the total energy (ATP)

It is an amphipathic pathway

There are 3 points of regulation in the cycle

- Oxaloacetate condense with Acetyl CoA forming Citrate - Alfa-ketoglutarate suffer one oxidative decarboxylation forming Succinyl CoA - Malate is oxydased and one molecule of NADH is formed

- Citrate is transformed to its isomer that is called Isocitrate - Isocitrate suffer one oxidative decarboxylation and it is transformed into alfa-ketoglutarate - Fumarate is transformed into malate

- Oxaloacetate condense with Acetyl CoA forming Citrate - Fumarate is transformed into malate - Malate is oxydased and one molecule of NADH is formed

- Citrate is transformed to its isomer that is called Isocitrate - Isocitrate suffer one oxidative decarboxylation and it is transformed into alfa-ketoglutarate - Succinate is oxydased to fumarate

- Oxaloacetate condense with Acetyl CoA forming Citrate - Isocitrate suffer one oxidative decarboxylation and it is transformed into alfa-ketoglutarate - Alfa-ketoglutarate suffer one oxidative decarboxylation forming Succinyl CoA

3NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 GTP, 2CO2: 12 ATP

2NADH, 2 FADH2, 1 GTP, 2CO2: 12 ATP

3NADH, 2 FADH2, 1 GTP, 2CO2: 12 ATP

3NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 GTP, 2CO2: 14 ATP

3NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 GTP, 1CO2: 12 ATP

Citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase and alfa-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

Citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and alfa-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

Citrate synthase, succinate dehydrogenase and alfa-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

Citrate synthase and alfa-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

Any of these is totally true