7755810
Descripción
Test por Med Student , actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Med Student
hace casi 8 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Inspiration occurs as a result of:
Respuesta
-
an upward movement of the diaphragm
-
movement of the ribs closer together due to the contraction of the inspiratory intercostal muscles
-
downward movement of the diaphragm
-
a and b
-
b and c
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
In order for the lungs to function normally, the intrapleural pressure must:
Respuesta
-
be lower than alveolar pressure
-
be between +5 and +10 mmHg above the atmospheric pressure
-
alternate between being less than and greater than the atmosphere pressure
-
change as respiratory demands of the body change
-
be the same as the atmosphenc pressure
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Most of the CO2 that is transported in blood is:
Respuesta
-
dissolved in the plasma
-
bound to haemoglobin
-
in carbonic acid
-
in bicarbonate ions
-
in carbonic anhydrase
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
In which vesicular bed does hypoxia cause vasoconstriction?
Respuesta
-
coronary
-
pulmonary
-
cerebral
-
muscle
-
skin
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Which sf the following is the site of the highest airway resistance?
Respuesta
-
mouth
-
largest bronchi
-
medium sized bronchi
-
smallest bronchi
-
alveoli
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Compared with the systemic circulation, the pulmonary circulation has a:
Respuesta
-
higher flow
-
lower resistance
-
higher arterial pressure
-
higher capillary pressure
-
higher cardiac output
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Hypoventilation will cause
Respuesta
-
hypercapnia
-
anoxia
-
hypoxia
-
hypocapnia
-
a and c
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Which of the following events is caused by an increased pCO2 in tissues?
Respuesta
-
an increased pH
-
decreased association between hemoglobin and O2
-
decreased pH
-
vasodilatation
-
b and c
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Vital Capacity includes:
Respuesta
-
Tidal Volume
-
Expiratory Reserve Volume
-
Residual Volume
-
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
-
a, b and d
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Which muscles contract for quiet breathing?
Respuesta
-
abdominal
-
external intercostal muscles
-
diaphragm
-
pectoral muscle
-
b and c
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Which of the following events are sympathetic effects?
Respuesta
-
vasoconstriction in the lungs
-
dilation of the bronchi
-
vasodilation in the lungs
-
constriction of the bronchi
-
a and b
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Which of the following is the respiratory function of the lungs?
Respuesta
-
regulation of lung blood pressure
-
lung ventilation
-
diffusion of gases between the alveolar air and blood
-
fat metabolism
-
b and c
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Which factors affect the gas diffusion through the respiratory membrane?
Respuesta
-
membrane thickness
-
membrane area
-
tidal volume
-
diffusion quotient
-
a and b
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Gas exchange in the respiratory system of humans takes place in the:
Respuesta
-
trachea
-
bronchus
-
bronchioles
-
alveoli
-
larynx
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
As regards the distribution of ventilation (V) and perfusion (Q), the VQ ratio:
Respuesta
-
gradient of change of ventilation is greater than that of per fusion
-
ventilation increases up the lung
-
perfusion increases up the lung
-
V/Q ratio at apex is greater than at base
-
none of the above
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Surfactant:
Respuesta
-
is produced by type 1 alveolar cells
-
acts like detergent in water
-
reduces the amount of negative intrapleural pressure
-
reduces blood flow to the lungs
-
increases pulmonary compliance
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Carbon dioxide transport is:
Respuesta
-
70% dissolved in plasma
-
70% carbamino hemoglobin
-
70% bicarbonate
-
10% bicarbonate
-
unaffected by pO2
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Obligatory respiratory muscles are:
Respuesta
-
the diaphragm and mm. intercostales interni
-
the diaphragm and mm. intercostales externi
-
mm. abdominales
-
mm. serrati posteriores inferiores
-
all of the above
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
The bronchial muscles relax under the influence of:
Respuesta
-
epinephrine
-
atropine
-
epinephrine and atropine
-
bradikinine and histamine
-
acetylcholine
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
For the surfactant it is true that:
Respuesta
-
is produced by type II alveolar cells
-
consists of phospholipids, proteins and carbohydrates
-
decreases the alveolar surface tension at the end of expiration
-
protects the lungs from atelectasis and edema
-
all of the above
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
For the alveolar capillary membrane it is true that:
Respuesta
-
consists of alveolar epithelium, pulmonary capillary endothelium and their base membranes with very thin interstitial space between them;
-
diffusion of 02 and CO2 occurs across it
-
has better permeability for 02 than CO2
-
a and b
-
none of the above
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Dilation of bronchi can be achieved by:
Respuesta
-
increased level of catecholamines
-
decreased level of catecholamines
-
increase of acetylcholine and serotonin levels
-
increase of bradikinine and histamine levels
-
a, c and d
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Normal breathing at rest is called:
Respuesta
-
polypnoe
-
eupnoe
-
tachypnoe
-
dyspnoe
-
hyperpnoe
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
During expiration:
Respuesta
-
the thoracic cage recoils and the diaphragm moves upwards
-
the intrapleural pressure decreases
-
the intrapleural pressure increases
-
a and b
-
a and c
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
The sympathetic division of ANS affects the bronchial muscles activating:
Respuesta
-
α-adrenergic receptors
-
β-adrenergic receptors
-
M-cholinergic receptors
-
N-cholinergic receptors
-
H2 receptors
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Tidal Volume (TV) is:
Respuesta
-
the volume of air, which passes through the lungs per minute
-
bigger than the Residual Volume (RV)
-
an element of the Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
-
a, b and c
-
0.5-1 approximately
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
The intrapleural pressure is:
Respuesta
-
higher than the atmospheric pressure
-
lower than the atmospheric pressure
-
equal to the atmospheric pressure
-
depends on the water molecules surface tension and elastic fibers
-
b and d
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
The anatomical dead space
Respuesta
-
includes the volume of air within the an passages up to the terminal bronchioles
-
is the space where gas exchange doesn't occur
-
is approximately 140 ml
-
is approximately 500 ml
-
is about 6 L.min-1
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
The Residual Volume (RV) is:
Respuesta
-
the volume of air. which remains in the lungs after maximal expiration
-
the volume of air, which remains in the lungs after maximal inspiration
-
is about 2-3 L
-
is the tidal volume plus the inspiratory reserve volume
-
a component of the Vital Capacity (VC)
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Which of the following factors shifts the dissociation curve of HbO2 to the right:
Respuesta
-
increased pCO2
-
decreased pCO2
-
decreased pO2
-
increased pO2
-
increased pH
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
It is not true that Vital Capacity (VC):
Respuesta
-
is a sum of ERV+TV+IRV
-
depends on sex and age
-
depends on chest measurement
-
is a sum of IC+ERV
-
is a sum of TV+ERV+RV
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
There are smooth muscles in the respiratory system:
Respuesta
-
on the external surface of the lungs
-
on the medial surface of the lungs
-
in the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles
-
around the alveoli
-
on the external and medial surfaces of the lungs
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
It is true that the air in the alveoli:
Respuesta
-
has a higher CO2 content than the atmosphere
-
has lower 02 content than in the atmosphere
-
consists of N2 approximately equal to that in the atmosphere
-
has the name components as the atmosphere
-
a, b and c
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
The elastic fibers in the lungs are situated:
Respuesta
-
around the alveoli
-
around the terminal branches of the bronchi
-
on the external and the medial surface of the lungs
-
a and b
-
all of the above
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
The peripheral chemoreceptors are situated:
Respuesta
-
on the ventral surface of medulla oblongata
-
on the dorsal surface of medulla oblongata
-
in arcus aortae and arteria carotis communis
-
in the inferior and superior venae cavae and the right atrium
-
in the hypothalamus
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Which of the following compounds doesn't take part in the transport of CO2 under physiological conditions:
Respuesta
-
carbamino Hb
-
carboxi Hb
-
NaHCO3
-
physically dissolved in fluids
-
carbamino Hb and physically dissolved in the fluids
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
Which of the following factors increases the rate of breathing:
Respuesta
-
decreased pCO2
-
increased pO2
-
alkalosis
-
decreased pCO2 and increased pO2
-
increased pCO2 and decreased pO2
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
The ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratio of 0.8 refers to:
Respuesta
-
the upper parts of the lungs in upright position
-
the middle parts of the lungs in upright position
-
the lower parts of the lungs in upright position
-
in all parts of the lungs in supine position
-
b and d
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Which of the following does not happen during inspiration?
Respuesta
-
the ribs move upward
-
the diaphragm lifts up
-
the antero-posterior dimensions of the chest are increased
-
the transverse dimensions of the thorax are increased
-
the scalene and sternocleidomastoid muscles can be recruited for inspiration
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Total Lung Capacity (TLC) of men would normally be about:
Respuesta
-
4200 ml
-
1500 ml
-
6000 ml
-
8000 ml
-
10000 ml
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
Oxygen enters a cell via?
Respuesta
-
diffusion
-
filtration
-
osmosis
-
active transport
-
passive transport
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
Most of the carbon dioxide produced by tissues is transported to the lungs as:
Respuesta
-
small gas bubble in the plasma
-
gas bound to the hemoglobin in the red blood cells
-
bicarbonate ions in the plasma
-
gas bound to white blood cells and albumin
-
gas transported through the lymphatic system
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
The need to breathe is caused by:
Respuesta
-
a drop in blood pH
-
a rise in blood pH
-
a drop in blood oxygen levels
-
a drop in carbon dioxide levels
-
none of the above
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
Where does gas exchange take place?
Respuesta
-
bronchioles
-
bronchi
-
pulmonary capillaries
-
roots of the lungs
-
trachea
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
What is the most common portal of entry for diseases, into the body?
Respuesta
-
respiratory system
-
endocrine system
-
gastrointestinal system
-
excretory system
-
any opening into the body
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Hemoglobin gives up oxygen when the environment is more:
Respuesta
-
acidic
-
alkaline
-
icy
-
open
-
none of the above
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Acidosis is when you blood pH is below?
Respuesta
-
7.05
-
7.15
-
7.25
-
7.35
-
6.50
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
As blood passes through systemic capillaries:
Respuesta
-
pH rises
-
HCO3- ions pass from tissues to red blood cells
-
Cl- ion concentration in red cells falls
-
its oxygen dissociation curve shifts to the right
-
its oxygen dissociation curve shifts to the left
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
The carotid bodies:
Respuesta
-
are stretch receptors in the walls of the intenal carotid arteries
-
have a blood flow per unit volume similar to that in the brain
-
are influenced by the blood temperature
-
generate less afferent impulses when blood H+ concentration rises
-
and the aortic bodies are mainly responsible tor the increased ventilation in hypoxia
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
Pulmonary surfactant increases:
Respuesta
-
the surface tension of the fluid lining alveolar walls
-
lung compliance
-
in effectiveness as the lungs are inflated
-
in amount when pulmonary blood flow is interrupted
-
the airflow resistance in bronchi
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
As people age, there is usually a decrease in their:
Respuesta
-
ratio of lung residual volume to vital capacity
-
percentage of vital capacity expelled in one second
-
lung volume level at which small airways start to close during expiration
-
elastic fibers in lungs
-
tidal volume
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
During inspiration:
Respuesta
-
intrapleural pressure is lowest at mid-inspiration
-
intrapulmonary pressure is lowest around mid-inspiration
-
intraoesophageal pressure is lowest at mid-inspiration
-
the rate of air flow is greatest at end-inspiration
-
the lung volume/intrapleural pressure relationship is the same as in expiration
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
Carbon dioxide:
Respuesta
-
is carried as carboxyhaemoglobin on the haemoglobin molecule
-
uptake by the blood increases its oxygen-binding power
-
uptake by the blood leads to similar increases in H+ and HCO3- ion concentrations
-
stimulates ventilation when breathed at a concentration of 20 per cent
-
content is greater than oxygen content in arterial blood
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
In normal lungs:
Respuesta
-
the rate of alveolar ventilation at rest exceeds the rate of alveolar capillary perfusion
-
the ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratio in less 0.6 dieting maximal exercise
-
the V/Q ratio is higher at the apex than at the base of the lungs when a person is standing
-
oxygen transfer can be explained by active transport
-
dead space decreases during inspiration
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
Bronchial smooth muscle contractss in response to:
Respuesta
-
bronchial mucosal irritation
-
local beta adrenoceptor stimulation
-
a fall in bronchial pO2
-
inhalation of air warmed to 37°C
-
circulating noradrenaline
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
In early inspiration there is a fall in:
Respuesta
-
intrapulmonary pressure
-
aortic pressure
-
intra-abdominal pressure
-
dead space pO2
-
diastolic arterial pressure
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
At a high altitude where atmospheric pressure is halved, there is an increase in:
Respuesta
-
pulmonary ventilation
-
alveolar H2O vapour pressure
-
arterial pO2
-
intrapleural pressure
-
cerebral blood flow
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
During inspiration:
Respuesta
-
venous return to the heart is increased
-
less energy is expended than during expiration
-
lung expansion is assisted by surface tension forces in the alveoli
-
lung expansion begins when intrapleural pressure falls below atmospheric
-
the relative concentration of surfactant increases in alveoli
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
The residual volume is:
Respuesta
-
the gas remaining in the lungs at the end of a full expiration
-
greater on average in women than in men
-
3-4 litres on average in young adults
-
measured directly using a spirometer
-
smaller in old than in young people
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
A rise in arterial pCO2 leads to:
Respuesta
-
an increase in ventilation due: to stimulation of peripheral and central chemoreceptors
-
a decrease in ventilation due to stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors
-
a decrease in arterial pressure
-
a decrease in cerebral blood flow
-
a decrease in the plasma bicarbonate level
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
Ventilation increased during:
Respuesta
-
periods when cerebrospinal fluid pH is reduced
-
compensated chronic renal failure
-
periods when plasma bicarbonate level is raised
-
deep sleep
-
exercise because of the ensuing fall in arterial pO2
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
Pulmonary:
Respuesta
-
arterial mean pressure is about one-sixth systemic mean arterial pressure
-
blood flow/minute is greater then the systemic blood flow/minute
-
vascular resistance is about 50 per cent that of systemic vascular resistance
-
vascular capacity is similar to systemic vascular capacity
-
arterial pressure increases by about 50 per cent when cardiac output rises by 50 per cent
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
Carbon dioxide is carried in the blood in:
Respuesta
-
combination with the myoglobin molecule
-
combination with plasma globulins
-
physical solution in red blood cells
-
greater quantity in red blood cells than in plasma
-
greater quantity as HCO3- than as other forms
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
A shift of the oxygen dissociation curve of blood to the right:
Respuesta
-
occurs m the pulmonary capillaries
-
occurs if blood temperature decreases
-
favors oxygen delivery to the tissues
-
favors oxygen uptake from the lungs by alveolar capillary blood
-
occurs if the pH of the blood increases
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
The compliance of the lungs and chest wall is:
Respuesta
-
expressed as volume change per unit change in pressure
-
minimal during quiet breathing
-
increased by the surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli
-
decreased by surfactant
-
changed by parallel displacement of the line relating lung volume to distending pressure
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
Respiratory dead space:
Respuesta
-
saturates inspired air with water vapour before it reaches the alveoli
-
removes all particles from inspired air before it reaches the alveoli
-
decreases when blood catecholamines levels rise
-
decreases during a deep inspiration
-
is equal to the tidal volume
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
Vital capacity is:
Respuesta
-
the volume of air expired from full inspiration to full expiration
-
increased as one grows older
-
greater in women than in men of the same age and height
-
related more to total body mass than to lean body mass
-
the sum of the inspiratory and expiratory reserve volumes
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
Oxygen debt is:
Respuesta
-
the amount of O2 consumed after cessation of exercise
-
incurred because the pulmonary capillary walls limit 02 uptake during exercise
-
possible since skeletal muscle can function temporarily without oxygen
-
associated with a decrease in blood lactate
-
associated with metabolic alcalosis
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
The CO2 dissociation curve for whole blood shows that:
Respuesta
-
its shape is sigmoid
-
blood saturates with CO2 when pCO2 exceeds normal alveolar levels
-
blood contains some CO2 even when the pCO2 is zero
-
oxygenation of the blood drives CO2 out of the blood
-
adding CO2 to the blood drives 02 out of the blood
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
Bronchial asthma is likely to be relieved by:
Respuesta
-
stimulation of cholinergic receptors
-
stimulation of beta adrenoceptors
-
histamine aerosols
-
non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
-
mineralcorticoids
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
Air in the pleural cavity (pneumothorax):
Respuesta
-
allows intrapleural pressure to rise to atmospheric pressure
-
causes the underlying lung to collapse by compressing it
-
increases the functional residual capacity
-
leads to a slight inward movement of the chest wall
-
increases the vital capacity
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
Loss of pulmonary elastic tissue in ‘emphysema’ reduces:
Respuesta
-
physiological dead space
-
the surfactant
-
residual volume
-
vital capacity
-
the intrapleural pressure
Pregunta 73
Pregunta
Complete obstruction of a major bronchus usually results in:
Respuesta
-
collapse of the alveoli supplied by the bronchus
-
a rise in local intrapleural pressure
-
an increase in physiological dead space
-
an increase in blood flow to the lung tissue supplied by the bronchus
-
cyanosis
Pregunta 74
Pregunta
A shift of the oxygen dissociation curve of blood to the left:
Respuesta
-
decreases the O2 content of blood at a given pO2
-
impairs O2 delivery to the tissues at the normal tissue pO2
-
occurs in blood perfusing hot extremities
-
occurs in blood with lower pH than with higher pH
-
is characteristic of adult blood when compared with fetal blood
Pregunta 75
Pregunta
A diver breathing air at a depth of 30 metres under water:
Respuesta
-
is exposed to a pressure equal to that at the surface
-
has a raised pressure of nitrogen in the alveoli
-
has a four-fold increase in the oxygen content of blood
-
has a fourfold increase in alveolar water vapour pressure
-
expends less energy than manna! on the work of breathing
Pregunta 76
Pregunta
Cyanosis:
Respuesta
-
may be caused by high levels of carboxyhaemoglobin in the blood
-
may be caused by high levels of methaemoglobin in the blood
-
is seen in fingers of hands immersed in iced water
-
occurs more easily in anaemic than in polycythaemic patients
-
is severe in cyanide poisoning
Pregunta 77
Pregunta
A patient with carbon dioxide retention is likely to have:
Respuesta
-
metabolic acidosis
-
alkaline urine
-
cool extremeties
-
decreased cerebral blood flow
-
raised plasma bicarbonate
Pregunta 78
Pregunta
Coughing:
Respuesta
-
is reflexly initiated by irritation of the alveoli
-
is associated with relaxation of airways smooth muscle
-
depends on contraction of the diaphragm for expulsion of air
-
differs from sneezing in that the glottis is initially closed
-
is equivalent of sneezing
Pregunta 79
Pregunta
The severity of an obstructive airways disease is indicated by the degree of change in the:
Respuesta
-
total ventilation/perfusion ratio
-
peak expiratory flow rate
-
respiratory quotient
-
tidal volume
-
dead space
Pregunta 80
Pregunta
A 50% fall in the ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratio in one lung would:
Respuesta
-
lower systemic arterial oxygen content
-
has no effect on the O2 in systemic circulation
-
increase the physiological dead space
-
lower systemic arterial carbon dioxide content
-
be compensated (with respect to oxygen uptake) by a high ratio in the other lung
Pregunta 81
Pregunta
The total amount of O2 carried by the circulation to the tissues/min. (oxygen delivery or total available oxygen):
Respuesta
-
normally equals the rate of O2 consumption by the body/min
-
is normally more than 95 per cent combined with haemoglobin
-
must fall by about half if haemoglobin concentration is halved
-
is more closely related to PO2 than to percentage saturation of the blood with O2
-
must double if body oxygen consumption doubles
Pregunta 82
Pregunta
For air to enter the lungs during inspiration
Respuesta
-
the pressure inside the lungs must be higher than the atmospheric pressure
-
the pressure inside the lungs must become lower than the atmospheric pressure
-
the pressure inside the lungs must be equal to the atmospheric pressure
-
the diaphragm must be relaxed
-
the external intercostal muscles must be relaxed
Pregunta 83
Pregunta
Given: CO2 + H2O <--> H2CO3 <--> HCO3- + H+, what happens if bicarbonate ions are increased?
Respuesta
-
more carbon monoxide produced
-
more bicarbonate ions produced
-
an increase in protons
-
there would be a shift to the left
-
there would be a shift to the right first, then to the left
Pregunta 84
Pregunta
The values (mm Hg) for pCO2 and pO2 in the interstitial spaces of peripheral tissues are approximately:
Respuesta
-
60; 40
-
40; 60
-
46; 40
-
66; 46
-
46; 100
Pregunta 85
Pregunta
If forcefully exhaling as much air as possible after a normal breath this is:
Respuesta
-
tidal volume
-
expiratory reserve volume
-
maximum expiratory flow rate
-
eupnea
-
inspiratory reserve volume
Pregunta 86
Pregunta
Which of the following reactions takes place in the systemic capillaries (where CO2 is greater and O2 is less)?
Respuesta
-
Hb + O2 -> HbO2
-
Hb + CO2 -> HbCO2
-
HbCO2 -> Hb + CO2
-
H2CO3 -> HCO3- + H+
-
Na+ + HCO3- -> NaHCO3
Pregunta 87
Pregunta
Water molecules on the surface of the alveoli generate surface tension; this force;
Respuesta
-
inhibits alveolar collapse
-
assists pulmonary compliance
-
assists elastic recoil
-
resists elastic recoil
-
impairs gas exchange
Pregunta 88
Pregunta
What does the ventral respiratory group within the medulla oblongata do?
Respuesta
-
triggers inspiration
-
decreased ventilation rate
-
nothing
-
for forced breathing
-
inhibits apneustic center, sets limits to over inflation of lungs
Pregunta 89
Pregunta
The region in the brain that sets the limit for over-inflation of lungs is located in the:
Respuesta
-
pons
-
apneustic center
-
arterial blood chemistry
-
medulla oblongata
-
stretch receptors
Pregunta 90
Pregunta
In Caissons disease pain in the joints and muscles is due to:
Respuesta
-
formation of N2 bubbles
-
formation of CO2 bubbles
-
due to fatigue
-
due to increase in barometric pressure
-
formation of O2 bubbles
Pregunta 91
Pregunta
Normal value of FEV in an adult is:
Respuesta
-
95%
-
80%
-
65%
-
50%
-
40%
Pregunta 92
Pregunta
The most important gas maintaining alveolar ventilation is:
Respuesta
-
oxygen
-
hydrogen
-
carbon dioxide
-
N2
-
CO
Pregunta 93
Pregunta
Hyperbaric oxygen is useful in all except:
Respuesta
-
congenital heart disease
-
gas gangrene
-
CO poisoning
-
N2 toxicity
-
advanced pulmonary carcinoma
Pregunta 94
Pregunta
As one ascends to higher than 3000 meters above sea level changes in alveolar pO2 and pCO2 are as follows:
Respuesta
-
decrease in pO2, increase in pCO2
-
decrease in pO2, decrease in pCO2
-
increase in both pO2 and pCO2
-
increase in pO2, decrease in pCO2
-
no change in pO2 and pCO2
Pregunta 95
Pregunta
Surfactant is secreted by:
Respuesta
-
type 1 pneumatocytes
-
type 2 pneumatocytes
-
goblet cells
-
pulmonary vessels
-
bronchial smooth muscle cells
Pregunta 96
Pregunta
Which of the following effects is not observed during prolonged stay is space:
Respuesta
-
decrease in blood volume
-
decrease in muscle strength
-
increase in red cell mass
-
loss of bone mass
-
osteroporosis
Pregunta 97
Pregunta
Airway resistance:
Respuesta
-
increases in asthma
-
decreases in emphysema
-
increases in paraplegic patients
-
does not affect work of breathing
-
decreases in asthma
Pregunta 98
Pregunta
Decreases on pCO2, decrease in H+ and increased pO2 causes:
Respuesta
-
hyperventilation
-
hypoventilation
-
hypercapnoea
-
hypoxia
-
none of the above
Pregunta 99
Pregunta
The intrapleural pressure at the end of deep inspiration is:
Respuesta
-
-4 mm Hg
-
+4 mm Hg
-
-6 mm Hg
-
+6 mm Hg
-
-10 mm Hg
Pregunta 100
Pregunta
Exercise which doubles the metabolic rate is likely to at least double the:
Respuesta
-
oxygen consumption
-
cardiac output
-
stroke volume
-
arterial pCO2
-
ventilation/perfusion ratio
Pregunta 101
Pregunta
Sudden complete obstruction of the respiratory tract causes:
Respuesta
-
a fall in blood pressure
-
stimulation of central chemoreceptors
-
cianosis
-
increased breathing
-
constriction of the pupils
Pregunta 102
Pregunta
The effects of moving from sea level to an altitude of 5000 metres include an increase in:
Respuesta
-
alveolar ventilation
-
blood bicarbonate level
-
appetite for food
-
exercise tolerance
-
muscle strength
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