THE LATIN CASES

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FORTUNA (wealth, richness)

NOMINATIVE - SUBJECT

FORTUNE IS SOMETHING DIFFICULT TO FINDFind the subject.......

FORTUNE IS SOMETHING DIFFICULT TO subject

NOMINATIVE-ATTRIBUTE

Richness is FORTUNEWhich is the ATTRIBUTE?

Richness is FORTUNE                                ATTRIBUTEATTRIBUTE is the natural complement of the verb TO BE, usually an ADJECTIVE

ACCUSATIVE-DIRECT COMPLEMENT

Everybody wants to have fortuneWhich is the DIRECT COMPLEMENT?

GENITIVE- NOUN COMPLEMENT (POSSESSIVE CASE)

The Roman Godess of FORTUNE is FORTUNAWhere is the POSSESSIVE CASE  (or NOUN COMPLEMENT)?

The Roman goddess OF FORTUNE is fortuna. ANSWER: OF FORTUNE (Spanish:  "DE LA FORTUNA" ) : possessive case has always the preposition "OF" TO EXPRESS POSSESSION.

    In the sentence: Romans made sacrifices to the Goddess Fortuna Which is the INDIRECT COMPLEMENT?

DATIVE: INDIRECT COMPLEMENT

    Romans made sacrifices to the Goddess Fortuna

DATIVE: INDIRECT COMPLEMENT

ABLATIVE: ADVERBIAL COMPLEMENT (c.c.) OF time, place, manner and degree

UNDERLINE THE ADVERBIAL COMPLEMENTGoddes Fortuna has an altar in her temple.

ABLATIVE: ADVERBIAL COMPLEMENT (c.c.) OF time, place, manner and degree

The Romans made sacrifices to the Goddess Fortuna in her temple. Los romanos realizaban sacrificios a la diosa Fortuna en su templo.Romani sacrificia Fortunae deae in templo suo faciebant. Which main differences do yo see between LATIN and modern languages?

DIFFERENCES

ROMANI SACRIFICIA FORTUNAE DEAE IN TEMPLO SUO FACIEBANT1. LATIN HAS NO ARTICLES2. THE INDIRECT COMPLEMENT HAS NO PREPOSITION3. THE VERB IS PLACED AT THE END OF THE SENTENCE

SIMILARITIES

ROMANI SACRIFICIA FORTUNAE DEAE IN TEMPLO SUO FACIEBANT- ADVERBIAL COMPLEMENTS HAVE PREPOSITIONS BOTH IN LATIN AND THE MODERN LANGUAGES (IN SOME CASES)IN TEMPLO SUO: IN HER TEMPLEPER MULTOS ANNOS: FOR MANY YEARSAD VILLAM: TOWARDS THE TOWNINTER PARES: BETWEEN SIMILAR PEOPLE

THE LATIN CASES

ROMANI: NOMINATIVE (PLURAL)SACRIFICIA: ACCUSATIVE (PLURAL)DEAE FORTUNAE: DATIVE (SINGULAR)TEMPLO SUO: ABLATIVE (SINGULAR)CASES ARE THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF THE SAME WORD DEPENDING ON THE SYNTACTIC FUNCTION THEY HAVE IN THE SENTENCECOMPARE: ROMANI: "THE ROMANS"; if the same word is the DIRECT COMPLEMENT, other ending is used: DEA FORTUNA ROMANOS AMABATROMANI: SUBJECT (SINGULAR); ROMANOS: DIRECT COMPLEMENT (PLURAL).  ROMAN-I; ROMAN-OS : -I and -OS are called ENDINGS.

THE DECLENSIONS