Parasites and Life cycle

Pregunta	Respuesta
Entamoeba histolytica	Invasive form: Quadrinucleate cyst Pathogenic form: Trophozoite Mode of infection: Per os Host: Human Localization in host: Lumen of colon Life Cycle: [Mature Cyst] - [Excystation (metacyst)] - [(metacyclic) Trophozoite] - [Precystic stage] - [Uninucleate cyst] - [Binucleate cyst] - [Mature cyst]
Trypanosoma gambiense	Invasive form: Metacyclic trypomastigote Pathogenic form: Trypomastigote Mode of infection: Vector transmission Definitive host: Human Localization in host: In blood, cerebrospinal fluid, lymph nodes Life cycle: human- [Metacyclic trypomastigote] - [Bloodstream trypomastigote] - tsetse fly - [Procyclic trypomastigote] - [Epimastigote] - [Metacyclic trypomastigote]
Trypanosoma cruzi	Invasive form: Metacyclic trypomastigote Pathogenic form: Amastigote Mode of infection: - Contamination, through mucosal surfaces, per cutis, transplacental, blood transfusion Definitive host: Human Localization in host:Lymph nodes, liver, spleen Life cycle: human - [Metacyclic trypomastigote] - [Amastigote] - [Trypomastigote] - reduviid bugs - [Epimastigote] - [Metacyclic trypomastigote]
Leishmania donovani	Invasive form: Promastigote Pathogenic form: Amastigote Invasive strategy: Bite from sandfly, transplacental Definitive host: Human, dog Localization in definitive host: Liver, spleen, bone marrow, macrophages Life cycle: human - [Promastigote] - [Amastigote] - sandfly - [Promastigote]
Trichomonas vaginalis	Invasive form: Trophozoite (no cyst stage) Pathogenic form: Trophozoite Mode of infection: Sexual transmission Definitive host: Human Localization: Vagina, cervix, urethra Life cycle: [Trophozoite]
Giardia lamblia	Invasive form: Cyst Pathogenic form: Trophozoite Mode of infection: Oral contaminated food – ingestion of cysts Definitive host: Human Localization in definitive host: Duodenum & jejunum Life cycle: [Cyst] - [Trophozoites] - [Cyst]
Balantidium coli	Invasive form: Cyst Pathogenic form: Trophozoite Mode of infection: Per os Host: Humans, pigs Localization in host: Lumen of colon Life cycle: [Cyst] - [Excystment] - [Trophozoite] - [Cyst]
Plasmodium spp.	Invasive form: Sporozoites Mode of infection: Skin, Vector, Blood Definitive host: Female anopheles mosquito Localization: Salivary glands of mosquito Intermediate host: Human Life cycle: mosquito - [Gametocytes] - [Macrogamete/Microgamete] - [Oocyst] - [Ookinete] - [Zygote] - [Sporozoites] - human - [Merozoite] - [Ring] - [Trophozoite] - [Schizont] - [Merozoites] - [Ring] - [Gametocytes]
Toxoplasma gondii	Invasive form: Oocyst with sporozoites, Tissue cyst with bradyzoites Mode of infection: Ingestion of undercooked infected meat, contamination of food/drink with infected cat faeces, transplacental, blood transfusion/organ transplantation Definitive host: Domestic & wild cats Localization: Intestine Life cycle: [Cat] - [Fecal Oocysts] - [Mouse/bird/pig/sheep/food/water/blood] - [Tissue Cysts] - [Cat]
Fasciola hepatica	Invasive form: Metacercaria on water plant Pathogenic form: Adult fluke Mode of infection: Per os, by contaminated grass, food Definitive host / localization: Human, sheep (biliary tract or liver) Life cycle: [unembryonated eggs] - [embryonated eggs] - [miracidia] - [sporocysts] - [rediae] - [cercariae] - [encystation] - [metacercariae] - [excystation] - [adult] -[unembryonated eggs]
Dicrocoelium dentriticum	Invasive form: Metacercaria in slime ball Pathogenic form: Adult fluke Mode of infection: Per os, by ingested ants Definitive host / localization: Sheep, cow, goat, human (biliary tract or liver) Life cycle: [embryonated eggs] - [miracidia] - [sporocysts] - [cercariae] - [metacercariae in ants] - [cow/man] - [adult] - [embryonated eggs]
Opisthorchis felineus	Invasive form: Metacercaria in fish Pathogenic form: Adult fluke Mode of infection: Per os, raw fish Definitive host / localization: Cat, human (liver, pancreas) Life cycle: [embryonated eggs] - [miracidia] - [sporocysts] - [rediae] - [cercariae] - [metacercariae in fish] - [human] - [excystation] - [adult] - [embryonated eggs]
Schistosoma spp.	Invasive form: Furcocercous cercaria Pathogenic form: Adult fluke Mode of infection: Per cutis, skin penetration Definitive host / localization: Human (h,j,m), monkey (h,m), (venules of urinary bladder (h)),(venules of intestine wall (j,m)) Life cycle: [eggs] - [miracidia] - [sporocysts] - [cercariae] - [human] - [schistosomulae] - [adults] - [eggs]
Diphyllobothrium latum	Invasive form: Plerocercoid Pathogenic form: Adult worm Mode of infection: Per Os (uncooked fish) Definitive host / localization: Human, bear, dog, cat, fox,pig, seal Life cycle: [unembryonated eggs] - [embryonated eggs] - [coracidia] - [procercoid larvae] - [plerocercoid larva] - [scolex] - [adult] - [eggs]
Taenia solium	Invasive form: Cysticercus cellulosae, eggs Pathogenic form: Adult worm Mode of infection: Per Os (uncooked meat) Definitive host / localization: Human (Small intestine) Life cycle: [eggs] - [oncospheres] - [cysticerci] - [scolex] - [adult] - [eggs]
Taenia saginata	Invasive form: Cysticercus bovis Pathogenic form: Adult worm, Cysticercus Mode of infection: Per Os (uncooked meat) Definitive host / localization: Human (Internal organs, brain, eyes, small intestine) Life cycle: [eggs] - [oncospheres] - [cysterci] - [scolex] - [adult] - [eggs]
Echinococcus granulosus	Invasive form: Egg with hexacanth embryo Pathogenic form: Hydatid cyst Mode of infection: Per os, with contaminated food and fingers Definitive host / localization: Dog, other canine carnivora – fox, wolf, jackal (jejunum and duodenum) Life cycle: [adult] - [embryonated egg] - [oncosphere] - [hydatid cyst] - [protoscolex] - [scolex] - [adult]
Hymenolepis nana	Invasive form: Egg with hexacanth embryo, cysticercoid Pathogenic form: Adult worm Mode of infection: Per Os Definitive host / localization: Human (Small intestine) Life cycle: [embryonated eggs] - [cysticercoid] - [intestinal villus] - [scolex] - [adult] - [eggs]
Ascaris lumbricoides	Invasive form: Egg with rhabditiform larva Pathogenic form: Adult worm and migrating larvae Mode of infection: Ingestion of eggs Definitive host / localization: Man Adult form – small intestine Life cycle: [adult] - [fertilized egg] - [rhabditiform larva] - [intestinal mucosa] - [portal vessels] - [liver] - [hepatic vein] - [inferior vena cava] - [right heart] - [lungs] - [lung capillaries] - [alveoli] - [throat] -[adult]
Enterobius vermicularis	Invasive form: Embryonated egg Pathogenic form: Adult form Mode of infection: Ingestion of eggs Definitive host / localization: Man Caecum Life cycle: [eggs with larvae] - [embryonated eggs] - [larvae] - [adults] - [eggs]
Trichuris trichiura	Invasive form: Egg with rhabditiform larva Pathogenic form: Adult form Mode of infection: Ingestion of eggs contaminated with food or water Definitive host / localization: Man Caecum Life cycle: [unembryonated eggs] - [2-cell stage] - [advanced cleavage] - [embryonated eggs] - [larvae] - [adults] - [unembryonated eggs]
Trichinella spiralis	Invasive form: Encysted larvae in muscles Pathogenic form: Adult form and larva Mode of infection: Consumption of raw or undercooked pork Definitive host / localization: Pig, man Adult form – small intestine Life cycle: [encysted larvae] - [larvae] - [adults] - [larva deposited in mucosa] - [encysted larva]
Ancylostoma duodenale	Invasive form: L3 larva – filariform larva Pathogenic form: Larva and adult Mode of infection: Skin transmission Definitive host / localization: Man Adult form – small intestine Life cycle: [eggs] - [rhabdtiiform larva] - [filariform larva] - [skin] - [adults] - [eggs]
Strongyloides stercoralis	Invasive form: L3 larva – filariform larva Pathogenic form: Larva and adult Mode of infection: Skin transmission Definitive host / localization: Man (dogs, cats) Adult form – mucosa of small intestine Life cycle: [rhabditiform larvae] - [free-living adult worms] - [eggs] - [rhabditiform larvae] - [infective filiriform larvae] - [circulatory system] - [lungs] - [alveoli] - [trachea] - [pharynx] - [small intestine] - [adults] - [eggs] - [rhabditiform larvae]
Wuchereria bancrofti	Invasive form: L3 larva – filariform larva Pathogenic form: Adult form Mode of infection: Vector transmission (by mosquito bite) Definitive host / localization: Man Adult form – lymphatic system, lymph nodes Life cycle: human - [L3 larvae] - [adult] - [microfilariae] - mosquito - [L1 larvae] - [L3 larvae]
Dracunculus medinensis	Invasive form: L3 larva – filariform larva Pathogenic form: Adult form Mode of infection: Ingestion of Cyclops with larvae by contaminated water Definitive host / localization: Man Subcutaneous tissue of legs, arms, back Life cycle: [L3 larvae] - [mature larvae] - [fertilized female worm] - [L1 larvae] - [L3 larvae]
Argasidae (soft tick)	Larva → nymphs (2-6) → imago (adult)
Ixodidae (hard tick)	Larva → nymph → imago
Sarcoptes scabiei	Egg → larva → nymph → adult
Pediculus humanus capitis	Egg → (1-3) nymph → adult
Phtirius pubis	Egg → (1-3) nymph → adult
Pulex irritans	Complete metamorphosis Egg → larvae → larvae from pupae → adult
Reduviid Bugs	Hemimetabolous development (incomplete metamorphosis) Egg → (1-5) nymphal instar. → adult
• Anopheles • Culex • Aedes	Eggs -> larva -> pupa -> imago (adult form)
Phlebotomus papatasii	Complete metamorphosis Egg -> larva -> pupa -> adult
Glossina palpalis	Complete metamorphosis Female harbours fertilised eggs -> 4th stage larvae deposited -> adult fly

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	Creado por Γιάννης Ακριτίδης hace más de 5 años