Creado por tiwariashley
hace alrededor de 9 años
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Pregunta | Respuesta |
Functions of Circulatory System | Transportation regulation protection |
Blood volume in males | 5-6 liters |
Blood volume in females | 4-5 liters |
Blood definition | specialized connective tissue which contains cellular and liquid components |
What is the cellular component of blood? | Blood cells |
What is the fluid portion of blood | plasma |
hematocrit | the percentage of the blood volume that consists of red blood cells |
what is the hematocrit in males | 42-52 percent |
what is the hematocrit in females | 37-47 percent |
Blood plasma | stay colored sticky fluid portion of blood that is 90 percent water |
what are the three main plasma proteins | albumin globulins fibrinogen |
albumin | produced by the liver and provides osmotic pressure |
how is albumin used to provide osmotic pressure | it is needed to draw water from the surrounding tissue fluid into the capillaries |
what are the three types of globulins | alpha beta gamma |
where are alpha and beta globulin produced and what are their functions | produced in liver; they transport lipids and fat soluble vitamins and function in immunity |
Fibrinogen | clotting factor produced by the liver |
what is the fluid from clotted blood called | serum |
What are the formed elements in blood plasma | blood cells RBCs WBCs platelets |
each mercury molecule consists of how many globins? | 4 |
heme | red pigmented molecule that contains iron |
what combines with oxygen in the lungs to release oxygen in the tissues | the iron group of heme |
What is the function of RBCs | transport oxygen and carbon dioxide |
erythropoietin is produced and released | when cells do not have enough oxygen |
Where is erythropoietin produced | 90 percent in glomeruli of kidney and the rest in the liver |
erythropoietin stimulates | red blood cell production in bone marrow |
how are aged RBCs removed from the blood | they are degraded and sent to the spleen |
Leukocytes contain | nuclei and mitochondria and move in amoeboid fashion |
What are the two types of WBCs? | Granular and granular |
What are the two types of agranular leukocytes | lymphocytes and monocytes |
what are the three types of granular leukocytes | eosinophils basophils neutrophils |
what is the function of neutrophils | phagocytize bacteria |
eosinophils | turn off allergic responses and kill parasites |
basophils | release histamine and other mediators of inflammation |
lymphocytes | direct cell attack with T cells or antibodies with B cells |
monocytes | phagocytosis; develop into macrophages in tissues |
Lymphocytes compose what percentage ge of WBCs | 20-45 percent |
Which WBC is most effective in fighting infectious organisms and act against a specific foreign molecules or antigens | Lymphocytes |
Which WBCs nucleus stains dark purple | lymphocytes |
What are the two main classes of lymphocytes | T cells and B cells |
T cells | attack foreign cells directly |
B cells | multiply to become plasma cells and secret antibodies |
Monocytes compose what percentage of WBCs | 4-8 percent |
Which WBC is the largest, are phagocytic cells and transform in macrophages? | monocytes |
Monocytes have a nucleus that i what shape | kidney |
Thrombocytes are known as | platelets |
what are the function of platelets | blood clotting |
Which hormone is secreted and causes constriction of blood vessels | serotonin |
platelets secrete | growth factors and autocrat regulators |
Erythropoiesis | formation of erythrocytes |
leukopoiesis | the formation of leukocytes. |
Myeloid tissue | red bone marrow of the long bones, sternum, pelvis, bodies of the vertebrae. |
Lymphoid tissue | lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, and thymus. |
Where are all blood cells produced? | bone marrow |
Hematopoiesis gives rise to | blood cells that originate in the yolk sac of the embryo |
In embryonic stage blood cells are produced in | liver of the fetus |
Stem cells migrate to | bone marrow |
blood stem cell | where all blood cells originate from |
lymphoid stem cells give rise to | lymphocytes |
myeloid stem cells | give rise to all other blood cells |
the production of red blood cells and synthesis of hemoglobin depends on what nutrients | iron B12 Folic acid |
pernicious anemia | deficiency of B12 |
aplastic anemia | destruction of the bone marrow caused by chemicals or radiation |
erythrocytes form from | pro erythroblasts |
granulocytes form from | myeloblasts |
mono blasts enlarge and form | monocytes |
platelet forming cells originate from | megakaryoblasts |
polycythemia | abnormal excess of erythrocytes |
anemia | erythrocyte/ hemoglobin levels are low |
normocytic anemia | caused from blood loss |
microcytic anemia | iron deficiency |
microcytic anemia | in B12 or folic acid deficiency |
sickle cell disease | inherited disease where hemoglobin s is present; RBCs are in a sickle shape |
leukemia | is cancer of the blood cells. It starts in the bone marrow, the soft tissue inside most bones; can be classified as lymphoblastic or myeloblastic |
Thrombocytopenia | Abnormally low concentration of platelets |
Bone marrow becomes major hematopoietic organ at what age | 7 months |
Hemoglobin | helps carry oxygen |
normal RBCs have what type of hemoglobin A C or S | A |
What are the are abnormal types of hemoglobin. | S and C |
treatment for sickle cell | They should take supplements of folic acid. Antibiotics and vaccines are given to prevent bacterial infections. |
Lymphocytic (or lymphoblastic) leukemia | affects white blood cells called lymphocytes, it produces large numbers of mature white blood cells (lymphocytes). |
Myelogenous leukemia | affects white blood cells called myelocytes. It produces large numbers of immature and mature white blood cells (myelocytes). |
Symptoms of leukemia | Fever and night sweats Headache Bleeding easily Bone or joint pain Swollen lymph nodes in the armpit, neck Getting a lot of infections weakness Losing weight |
treatment for leukemia | Chemotherapy Interferon-alpha (INFa) therapy Radiation therapy Stem cell transplantation |
What are the three layers of blood vessels | Tunica intima Tunica media Tunica externa |
Tunica externa | composed of connective tissue |
Tunica media: | sheets of smooth muscle |
Tunica intima | composed of simple squamous epithelium |
vasoconstriction | contraction |
vasodilation | Relaxation |
Lumen | central blood-filled space of a vessel |
arteries | carry blood away from the heart |
veins | carry blood toward heart |
capillaries | smallest blood vessels and are the site of exchange of molecules between blood and tissue fluid |
Elastic arteries: | the largest arteries, High elastin Diameters range from 2.5 cm to 1 cm (aorta and its major branches), also called conducting arterie |
Muscler arteries | (distributing) |
- Arterioles | Smallest arteries |
Blood pressure is much lower in the | veins |
venules | small veins |
Tunica externa is the thickest tunic in veins True or False | True |
Low permeability capillaries: | Blood-brain barrier |
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