Ch. 2 Research Method Flashcards

Pregunta	Respuesta
Ethical Principles for Animal Research	Research must have a clear, scientific purpose. Provide humane living conditions. Legally obtain animals. Least amount of suffering.
Standard Diviation	Shows how far scores vary from the mean (average) score
68-95-99.7 Rule	Means 68% of the scores fall within one standard deviation of the mean (average) 95% of all scores fall within two standard deviations of the mean. 99.7 of all scores fall within three standard deviations of the mean.
Normal Distribution	Forms a bell-shaped or symmetrical curve (upside down U)
Mode	The most frequently occurring score
Median	Divided by the number of scores.
Mean	The average or sum of the set of scores.
Operational Definitions	Statement of your procedure; identifies the IV and DV, sampling and assignment.
Dependent Variable	What is being measured in an experiment
Random assignment	Assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance
Cross sectional study	Compares individuals at various ages at ONE POINT in time (one and done)
Longitudinal Study	Studies a single individual or a group over an extended period of time.
Zero Correlation	indicates there is No relationship between two variables
Negative Correlation	-1; Means two move in opposite direction.
Positive Correlation	Means two variables move in the same direction. Positive relationship between smoking and lung cancer
Correlation Coefficient	A number value that indicates the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables.
Correlation studies	Researchers observe or measure a relationship between variables.
Participant bias	Tendency for participant to respond in a certain way because they respond in a certain way because they know they are being observed.
Researcher Bias	Tendency for researchers to look for evidence that supports their hypothesis & ignore contradictory evidence
Surveys	Descriptive method; uses questionnaires or interviews
Skewed Distribution	Distribution with most scores squeezed to one end, few scores stretch out like tail.
Reliability	Consistency or repeatability of results. Taking a test and seeing if the results can be repeated
Random Selection	Choosing of members of a population so that every individual has an equal chance of being chosen for a sample
Quasi Experiment	Measurement of dependent variable when random assignment to groups of a randomly selected sample is not possible.
Quantitative Data	Information can be reported as numbers for ease of handling.
Population	All of the individuals in the group to which the study applies. A sample is a subgroup of the population the participates in the study.
Placebo	Physical or psychological treatment given to the control group that resembles the treatment given to the experimental group, but contains no active ingredients.
Naturalistic Observation	Observing & recording behavior in naturally occurring situation situations w/o trying to manipulate and control the situation
Inferential Statistics	Statistics used to interpret data and draw conclusions
Hypothesis	Prediction of how two or more factors are likely to be related. And can be tested.
Experimental Group	Group that you are experimenting on, and is receiving the independent variable.
Experiment	Research Method that involves manipulation of an independent variable
Ethical guidelines for human research	Informed consent, voluntary participation, debriefing, and confidentiality.
Descriptive Statistics	Numbers that summarize a set of research data from a sample.
Confounding variables	Factors that cause differences between the experimental group and the control group other than the independent variable.
Central Tendency	Describes average of a distribution.
Case Studies	Research technique in which one person is studied in depth in hope of revealing universal principles EX Phineas Gage
Hindsight Bias	Knowing something would happen before it did.
Overconfidence	Being sure of a fact and later finding out the subject was different and made more errors than though.
Scientific Method	A systematic, step-by-step procedure psychologist use when conducting a research. By doing this psychologist seek to find a cause and effect from variables they test.
Case study	A type of observational data collection technique
Illusory Correlation	Sometimes people believe that there is a relationship between events and variables. an example is recalling bad experiences with lawyers and only remembering the bad ones leading to think that all lawyers are bad.

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Ch. 2 Research Method Flashcards

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	Creado por Alex Vazquez hace casi 9 años