Biological molecules

Molecules found in living cells
Metabolism:
1. All chemical reactions in cells of an organism
  1. Respiration, synthesising proteins from amino acids
2. Two types of Metabolism:
  1. Catabolism: Breaking down of molecules
  2. Anabolism: Building up of large molecules
Made up of 4 KEY elements:
1. CARBON (C)
  1. Carbon Valency: 4
2. NITROGEN (N)
  1. Nitrogen Valency: 3
3. OXYGEN (O)
  1. Oxygen Valency : 2
4. HYDROGEN (H)
  1. Hydrogen Valency: 1
5. VALENCY: Amount of chemical bonds an element can form
Can ALSO include:
1. Sodium (Na+)
2. Poatssium (K+)
3. Calcium (Ca2+)
4. Iron (Fe2+)
5. Magnesium (Mg2+)
6. Chloride (Cl-)
7. Sulphur (S)
8. Phosphate (P)
9. ALL found in biological in TRACE amounts
Your body
1. Systems
  1. Organs
    1. Tissues
      1. Cells
        Proteins
        Carbohydrates
        Lipids/Fats
        Nucleic acids
        All come from food & macromolecules
        Macromolecules are made up of repeated smaller units
        Smaller units: monomers
        3 types of CARBOHYDRATES
        Monosaccharide: simple sugars with general formula (CH2O)n
        GLUCOSE
        Abundant & very important monosacc
        Contains 6 CARBON atoms- HEXOSE sugar
        Genreal formula for HEXOSE sugars: C6H1206 e.g. Fructose, Glucose, Galactose
        Main ENERGY source for most cells
        Highly SOLUBLE
        Main form in which Carbs are TRANSPORTED around body of animals
        Glucose in diff forms are called STRUCTURAL ISOMERS
        ALPHA GLUCOSE
        BETA GLUCOSE
        Can be found in cellulose (plant cells)
        Other monomers: Fructose & Galactose
        FRUCTOSE
        SOLUBLE & main sugar in fruits & nectar
        Sweeter than Glucose
        HEXOSE sugar. C6H1206
        GALACTOSE
        Disaccharide found in lactose
        Lactose found in milk (sugar in milk).
        HEXOSE sugar C6H1206
        Disaccharides: 'Double sugars' formed from 2 monosaccs
        Polysaccharide: Large molecules formed from monosaccs joined together.
        Group of structural material in organisms
ORGANIC
1. Contains Carbon (C) & is found in living things EXCEPT Carbon dioxide (CO2) & Bicarbonate ions (HCO-3)
PENTOSE
1. Sugars that contain 5 carbon atoms
  1. Found in DNA & RNA
  2. Oxyribose & Deoxyribose

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Biological molecules

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	Creado por sadiaali363 hace alrededor de 10 años