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Biology F211
Descripción
incomplete F211 mindmap, adding to it as i learn and need to revise for end of topic tests
Sin etiquetas
biology as
biology
cell biology
unit 1
biology unit 1
cell division
mitosis
cell membrane
diffusion
active transport
osmosis
Mapa Mental por
Abbie Randall
, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por
Abbie Randall
hace más de 9 años
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Resumen del Recurso
Biology F211
microscopy
Staining
most biological material is transparent
simple stains include
iodine solution
this stains starch grains black and other structures yellow
methylene blue
this stains the nuclei blue
Cell membranes
the fluid mosaic model
made up of a phospholipid bilayer
also contains proteins
some are used in faciliated diffusion across the membrane
channel proteins
forms a tunnel
used for water-soluble molecules
can be gated
carrier proteins
change shape to move molecules
molecules will bind to the protein
transport across membranes
active transport
movement against the concentration gradient low-->high
uses energy from ATP
used to pump ions and molecules in and out of cells
bulk transport
exocytosis
substances are packaged by the golgi
they are then delivered to the surface by vesicles
these fuse with the cell membrane and push out their contents
endocytosis
some cells take up large molecules- proteins and much larger solid objects like bacteria
they do this by enclosing them inside vesicles or vacuoles formed by the cell surface membrane
diffusion
occurs passively
no energy/ATP required
moves down the concentration gradient
high --> low
molecules will be small and uncharged, to allow for easy passage through the bilayer
osmosis
special form of diffusion
only occurs with water
water potential
the tendency for water to move from high-->low water potential
pure water=o
always a negative value
measured in kPa
cell division & mitosis
stages
4-anaphase
centrioles pull
this contracts the spindle, pulling chromosomes apart
1- interphase
majority of time in this stage
around 22 hours in human cell
protein synthesis occurs
cytoplasm volume increases
extra DNA/ organelles made
5-telophase
spindle fibres have gone
membranes reform
chromatids are separate and now called chromosomes
chromosomes unwind back into chromatin
3-metaphase
no nuclear membrane
centrioles are opposite
microtubules form nuclear spindle
chromosomes move to the spindle and attach by centrometre
2-prophase
DNA and chromosomes are packaged
chromosomes shorten and thicken
makes it easier for chromosomes to move around
nuclear envelope begins to break down
centrioles move to poles
6-cytokinesis
division between two new cells forms
animals pinch inward
plants form from middle
yeast budding
mitotic division to produce clones
a vesicle fuses out of the cell
nuclei travels to this new bud, then splits
it is normal mitosis until after telophase when this occurs
form of asexual reproduction
Recursos multimedia adjuntos
fluid_mosaic_model (image/png)
endo.exocytosis (image/jpg)
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