EARTHQUAKES-AQA

EARTHQUAKES-AQA

MEASURING
1. RICHTER SCALE
  1. EACH VALUE ON THE SCALE ALSO REPRESENTS ABOYT 30 TIMES MORE ENERGY RELEASED THAN THE PREVIOUS ONE
  2. DOESNT HAVE A UPPER LIMIT AND ITS LOGARITHMIC
  3. MEASURES MAGNITUDE
2. MERCALLI SCALE
  1. THE SCALE IS BETWEEN 1-12
  2. MEASURED USING OBSERVATIONS
  3. MEASURES IMPACT OF AN EARTHQUAKE
SEISMIC WAVES
1. SURFACE WAVES
  1. LOVE WAVES
    1. TRAVEL THROUGH SOLIDS ONLY
    2. MOVE THE SURFACE SIDE TO SIDE
    3. THESE WAVES ALSO CAUSE A LOT OF DAMAGE
      1. BY THE SHEARING EFFECT
  2. RAYLEIGH
    1. CAN TRAVEL THROUGH LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS
    2. MOVE THE SURFACE IN A ROLLING MOTION
2. S WAVES
  1. TRAVEL THROUGH SOLIDS
  2. MOVE AT 90 DEGREES TO THE DIRECTION OF TRAVEL
  3. CAUSE A LOT OF DAMAGE BECAUSE OF THEIR SHEARING EFFECT
3. P WAVES
  1. TRAVEL THROUGH LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS
  2. WAVES PUSH AND PULL THE EARTH IN THE SAME DIRECTION AS THE WAVE IS TRAVELLING
  3. TRAVEL FASTER THAN OTHER SEISMIC WAVES
EATHQUAKES ARE CAUSED BY THE TENSION THAT BUILDS UP AT ALL THREE PLATE MARGINS
1. WHEN THE PLATE JERK PAST EACH OTHER IT SENDS OUT SEISMIC WAVES
  1. SPREAD OUT FROM THE FOCUS
    1. DOESNT HAVE TO BE SINGLE POINT COULD BE A FAULT LINE
  2. THE EPICENTRE IS TH EPOINT ON THE EARTHSURFACE WHERE THE EARTHQUAKE IS FIRST FELT
2. OTHER POSSIBE CAUSES OF AN EARTHQUAKE
  1. REACTIVATION OF OLD FAULT LINE
  2. SUBSIDENCE- WHERE THE GROUND SINKS AS A RESULT OF MINING
  3. PRESSURE ON SURFACE ROCKS FROM WATER IN LARGE RESERVOIRS
SHALLOW FOCUS (0-70KM) CAUSE THE GREATEST DAMAGE
1. ACCOUNT FOR 75% OF ALL EARTHQUAKE ENERGY
INDERMEDIATE 70-300KM
FOCUS
1. DEEP 300-700KM
EFFECTS
1. TSUNAMI
  1. ENORMOUS SEA WAVES GENERATED BY DISTURBANCES ON THE SEA FLOOR
  2. MOST OFTEN TRIGGERED BY EARTHQUAKES AND SUBMARINE LANDSLIDES
  3. MARCH 2011 JAPAN
2. LIQUEFACTION
  1. WHEN VIOLENTLY SHAKEN SOILS WITH A HIGH WATER CONTENT LOSE THEIR MECHANICAL STRENGTH AND START TO BEHAVE LIKE A FLUID
  2. SAN FRANCISCO
3. LANDSLIDES AND AVALANCHES
  1. WHERE SLOPE FAILURE OCCURS AS A RESULT OF GROUND SHAKING
PREDICTION
1. SEISMOMETER
  1. RECIEVES ARE RECORDS SHOCK WAVES FROM THE EPICENTRE
2. SATELLITE SURVEYING
  1. SENSING PLATE MOVEMENT AND MINUTE CHANGES IN THE SURFACE
3. LASER REFLECTION
  1. SURVEYING MOVEMENT ACROSS FAULT LINES
4. RADON GAS METER
  1. INHERT GAS RADON IS RELEASED FROM MINERALS WHEN THEY ARE CRACKED AS PRESSURE INCREASES DURING THE BUILD UP

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	Creado por las1365 hace alrededor de 9 años