Biology - B3 - AQA - GCSE - Transport systems

Humans
1. Heart
  1. Left atrium
    1. Left ventricle
      1. Aorta
      2. More muscle on this side
        Has to pump blood all the way around the body, whereas the right ventricle only pumps to the lungs.
    2. Pulmonary vein
  2. Right atrium
    1. Right ventricle
      1. Pulmonary artery
    2. Vena Cava
  3. Artery
    1. Thick walls
      1. Containing muscles and elastic fibres
    2. Stents can be used to keep the arteries open if they begin to narrow.
  4. Veins
    1. Thin walls
    2. Valves to stop backflow
  5. Capillaries
    1. Very thin walls
    2. Narrow
  6. Blood
    1. Consists of a fluid called plasma
      1. Red blood cells
        Oxygen from lungs to organs
        No nucleus
        Haemoglobin
        Combines with oxygen in the lungs to form oxyhaemoglobin
        Oxyhaemoglobin splits in organs to form oxygen and haemoglobin
      2. White blood cells
        Defense against infection
        Adjunto:
        Biology - B1 - AQA - GCSE - Keeping Healthy and Defending Against Infection
      3. Platelets
        No nucleus
        Help blood to clot at the site of a wound
      4. Carbon dioxide from organs to lungs
      5. Soluble products of digestion from small intestine to organs
      6. Urea from liver to kidney
  7. When labelling the heart, the sides are usually flipped. See the diagram below.
Plants
1. Xylem
  1. Water
    2. Transpiration stream
    3. Helpful way to remember it - water doesn't 'phlo' in a plant.
  2. Mineral ions
    1. From the roots
2. Phloem
  1. Dissolved sugars
    1. From leaves to elsewhere
Transpiration stream
1. The movement of water from the roots to the leaves and then out from there.

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Biology - B3 - AQA - GCSE - Transport systems

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