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Blood pressure
Descripción
Reference: Robbin's Basic Pathology Chapter 9
Sin etiquetas
blood vessels
medicine
pathology
pathology
blood vessels
medicine
Mapa Mental por
Shaima Amanda
, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por
Shaima Amanda
hace casi 11 años
37
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Resumen del Recurso
Blood pressure
Major regulator: Renin
Juxtaglomerular cells
Cleaves Angiotensinogen to AT-1
AT-1 to AT-2
Stimulates adrenal gland to secrete aldosterone
Increases blood volume
-ve feedback by Myocardial natriuretic peptide
Increases sodium resorption
Vasoconstriction
Benign Hypertension
Malignant Hypertension
Hyperplastic arteriosclerosis
Decreased sodium excretion
Increased blood volume and blood pressure
Genetic factors/ Environmental factors
Atherosclerosis
Atheroma
Cholesterol, cholesterol esters, necrotic debris and fibrotic caps
Thrombosis
Risk Factors
Modifiable
Hyperlipidemia/ hypercholesterolemia
Good cholesterol
HDL. HDL mobilzes the cholesterols from plaques to the liver
Exercise and ethanol increases HDL
Smoking and obesity decreases HDL
Bad cholesterol
LDL. LDL distributes the cholesterol in the peripheral tissues
Statins lower the circulating cholesterol
Statins lower CRP levels
CRP is synthesised by liver. It is a biomarker which predicts the risk of MI.
Hypertension
Ischemic heart disease
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Smoking
Diabetes mellitus
Atherosclerosis related GANGRENE
Myocardial infarction
Constitutional/ nonmodifiable
Genetics
Familial hypercholesterolemia
Age
40-60 yrs
Gender
Males are more prone. Postmenopausal women are also at more risk compared to premenopausal
Coronary Artery Disease
Lipoprotein-a : Apolipoprotein B100 and Apolipoprotein-a
Atherogenesis
Endothelial injury
Endothelial dysfunction
Monocyte-macrophages
Platelet adhesion
Smooth muscle recruitment
Lipid accumulation
Fatty streaks
Atherosclerotic plaques
Smooth muscle cells, T-cells and macrophages
Intracellular and extracellular lipid accumulation
ECM, collagen, elastin, proteoglycans
LEADS TO THROMBOSIS
EMBOLISM
Plaque rupture
Plaque erosion
Plaque hemorrhage
Hyaline arteriosclerosis
Nephrosclerosis
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