Memory

Memory

STM
1. Capacity- 7+/-2 items
  1. Miller (1956) was the first to identify the limit of the STM with the claming of 7+/- 2 items
  2. Miller found out that people can cope reasonably well with counting 7 dots flashed onto a screen but not many more than this
  3. Also found out that people can recall 5 words as well as they can recall 5 letters- we chunk things to remember.
  4. We can remember more small chunks for example in 1 syllable words rather than larger chunks. Simon, 1974
  5. Cowan, 2001 the STM is generally limited to 4 chunks
2. Encoding- Acoustic
  1. Alan Baddeley, 1966, demonstrated the different ways that STM and LTM are encoded by giving participants various word lists to memorise
  2. one list the words all sounded the same accoustically simular, in another list the same thing sementicallysimilar
    1. List A- accoustically simular- cat, cab, can, cad, mad, max, mat, man, map
      1. List B- Acoustically Dissimilar- pit, few, cow, pen, sup, bar, day, hot, rig, bun
      2. List C- Semantically similar- great, large, big, huge, broad, long, tall, fat,wide, high
      3. List D- Semantically Dissimilar- good,huge, hot, safe, thin, deep, strong, foul, old, late
  3. When participants were asked to recall the words they were shown all the words and had to decide on the correct order
  4. if they were asked to do this immediately (STM recall) they didn't do well with acoustically similar words,
    1. which suggest that words are stored in acoustic form in STM
LTM
1. Capacity- unlimited
  1. Encoding- Semantic
    1. Duration- A Lifetime

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