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ESL Methods and Approaches
Descripción
ESL Method and Aproaches
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esl
methods
approaches
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bolive2009
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bolive2009
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Resumen del Recurso
ESL Methods and Approaches
Grammatical Based Approach
Nota:
All three of the methods classified under the Grammatical Based Approach are considered historical and no longer used in the second language classroom
Grammar-Translation Method
Emphasis on developing reading, writing and grammar
Little emphasis on oral language
Grammar rules taught holistically
Translated text to focus on grammatical accuracy, not for meaning
Replaced by the direct method in the 1940s
Direct Method
Focus on total immersion into the second language
No use of first language was allowed in the classroom
Less focus on grammar rules and more focus on memorization of language patterns
Some emphasis was placed on context through the use of pictures, objects, and diagrams
Considered historical and no longer used in the second language classroom
Audiolingual Method
Grammatical structures are sequenced then taught
Very little use of first language in the classroom
Focused on error correction through consistent feedback, drills, and repetitive practice
Developed in response for the rapid need of second language acquisition during World War II
Considered historical and no longer used in the second language classroom
Communicative Approach
Silent Way Method
Teacher reinforcement through repetition and signals
Very little content-based instruction
No use of first language in the classroom
Teacher models/ talks
Considered historical and no longer used in the second language classroom
Natural Way Method
Focused on comprehensible input
Very little error correction or production
Accepted students' first language
Silent period was recognized and accepted
Created the foundation for the sheltered method of instruction
Is used in some foreign language classroom, but is not widespead in US public schools
Suggestopedia
Emphasized a relaxed, stress-free setting
Very little error correction
Used first language in the classroom as a means of explanation
Considered historical/ Did not experience widespread use
Integrated Content Based Method
Emphasizes second language developement
Integrates content and language
Subject area integrated into thematic units
Curriculum is based on students' academic and language needs
Sheltered Instruction Method
Grade level modified curriculum
Scaffolded instruction
Visuals
Cooperative learning
Guarded vocabulary
Integrates language and content objectives into lesson
Cognitive Approach
CALLA (Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach)
Developmentally appropriate language instruction
Develops CALP in both first and second language as related to content area
Focuses on prior knowledge
Explicit instruction in learning strategies
Cognitive
Metacognitive
Social/affective
Scaffolded instruction
Extensive contextual suport
Reduced linguistic demands
Develops academic language in all four literacy domains (listening, speaking, reading, and writing
Recursos multimedia adjuntos
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