Genes, Alleles, & The Central Dogma

Transcription occurs in the nucleus of the cell. (DNA -> mRNA)
Translation occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. (mRNA -> protein)
Structural Gene
1. Regulatory Region
  1. Determines when and how often transcription occurs
  2. Transcription factors bind
2. Protein-encoding Region
  1. Specifies the amino acid sequence of the protein
3. RNA polymerase binds to a special DNA sequence called the promoter
DNA
1. The basic unit of DNA is the nucleotide
  1. A nucleotide consists of a phosphate, sugar, & nitrogenous base
    1. Sugar
      1. Deoxyribose in DNA
      2. Ribose in RNA
    2. Nitrogenous Bases
      1. Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, & Cytosine; Uracil instead of Thymine in RNA
Post-translational modification of proteins
1. Folding, addition of sugars and/or lipids, shortening, linking to other proteins
Protein Targeting
1. A short amino acid sequence in the protein (signal sequence) directs the protein to various locations in the cell

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	Creado por clairegillian95 hace más de 10 años